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allemande, sous l'oeil des historiens étrangers [May–June 1940: French Defeat, German Victory, In the Eyes of Foreign Historians]. Autrement. Collection
Atiku)(1891-1902) 穆罕默德·阿塔希鲁一世(英语:Muhammadu Attahiru I)(1902-1903) 1908年開始,鄂圖曼帝國開始解體(英语:Defeat and dissolution of the Ottoman Empire),並於1922年滅亡。在解體期間以及滅亡、哈里發制度廢除後,有不同的人宣稱繼承了哈里發,但未受廣泛承認。