delivery on maternal request)而進行剖腹產。 一次剖腹產進程通常需要45分鐘至一個小時。剖腹產可以透過半身麻醉(英语:Spinalanaesthesia)在產婦清醒在進行手術,抑或在全身麻醉下進行。剖腹產的事前準備即會幫產婦安置導尿管以協助排空膀胱,再幫腹部皮膚消毒殺菌。執行剖腹產的
D. W.; Wildsmith, J. A. W. Pencil point spinal needles and neurological damage. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 1 November 2002, 89 (5): 800–801. PMID 12393791
contribute equally to depressant actions on spinal ventral horn neurones in rats (PDF). British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2006-09-13, 97 (5): 687–694 [2017-06-28]