肋蜷科(學名:Pleuroceridae),又名黑貝科[3],是腹足綱蟹守螺超科之下的一個科,包括有150多個物種,主要是小型到中型的淡水螺,有鰓[4]和口蓋,而且一般來說其物種的螺殼的螺層都很多。
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本科物種的繁殖屬於多次繁殖(iteroparous):當雌雄異體(gonochoristic)的雌性把卵子排放在堅固的表面上之後,年幼的螺從卵裡直接孵化出來,而不經過面盤幼體階段(veliger stage)。
按現時定義,肋蜷科物種只限於在北美洲東岸的淡水生活的淡水螺(但:分佈於亞洲東部和北美洲[5])。有部份過往屬於肋蜷科,但分佈於東亞、東南亞、南亞及非洲的溫帶及熱帶海岸的物種,現時已被劃歸其他科。大多數物種都需要在未受污染的河水或溪流生活,但也有部份物種已習慣了在湖中及水塘裡生活。
肋蜷科的分類變化頗大。根據甘武(2007)引述,Thiele(1928)、WenZ(1939)及劉月英(1979)認為肋蜷科應被視為黑螺科(Melaniidae)存在;而Yen(1939;1942)、WenZ(1960)及Brown(1980)則認為肋蜷科應歸入跑螺科(Thiaridae);但現時的分類都依從Morrison(1954)的分類,按生殖系統的差異而把舊有的黑螺科分成跑螺科、肋蜷科及狹義的黑螺科[4]。
根據2005年布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類,本科有下列兩個亞科[6]:
- 肋蜷亞科(Pleurocerinae P. Fischer, 1885) - synonyms: Ceriphasiinae Gill, 1863; Strepomatidae Haldeman, 1864; Ellipstomatidae Hannibal, 1912; Gyrotominae Hannibal, 1912; Anaplocamidae Dall, 1921
- 短溝蜷亞科(Semisulcospirinae Morrison, 1952) - synonym: Jugidae Starobogatov, Prozorova, Bogatov & Sayenko, 2004 (n.a.)
原來在肋蜷科之下的短溝蜷亞科被Strong & Köhler (2009)提升為短溝蜷科(Semisulcospiridae)[7]。這主要包括了短溝蜷屬及其他主要在亞洲生活的物種。
本科物種的線粒體(mitochondrial)高度異質,在整個腹足綱最高,即使包括已獨立出去的短溝蜷科亦是。截至2015年年 (2015年-Missing required parameter 1=month!)[update],動物學家仍然無法就此作足夠可信的解釋[5]。
根據上述2009年的分類,現時本科物種都可被歸進一個亞科,即下列七個屬(包括一個化石屬和六個現存屬):
- † Anculopsis Yen, 1947
- Athearnia Morrison, 1971
- † Cassiopella White, 1877
- † Circamelania Yen, 1951
- Elimia H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854
- Goniobasis I.Lea, 1862
- Goniobasis aberrans Stache, 1889
- Goniobasis biornata Stache, 1889
- Goniobasis bistriata Stache, 1889
- Goniobasis borealis Dall, 1924
- Goniobasis callifera Stache, 1889
- Goniobasis carinosa Stache, 1889
- Goniobasis carterii Conrad, 1869
- Goniobasis characearum Stache, 1889
- Goniobasis convexa (Meek & Hayden, 1856)
- Goniobasis cosinensis Stache, 1889
- Goniobasis dakengensis W.Yü & X.-Q.Zhang, 1982
- Goniobasis diegoensis M.A.Hanna, 1927
- Goniobasis drakei (Arnold & Hannibal, 1912)
- Goniobasis elatior Stache, 1889
- Goniobasis eulimoides (Meek, 1876)
- Goniobasis filifera C.A.White, 1886
- Goniobasis gracilenta Meek, 1876
- Goniobasis hannibali Weaver & Palmer, 1922
- Goniobasis imperfecta Stache, 1889
- Goniobasis increbescens Stanton, 1899
- Goniobasis inflata Stache, 1889
- Goniobasis invenusta (Meek & Hayden, 1857)
- Goniobasis jeffersonensis C.A.White, 1895
- Goniobasis jiangxiensis W.Yü, 1977
- Goniobasis judithensis Stanton & Hatcher, 1905
- Goniobasis leedsensis Yen, 1951
- Goniobasis leslieae Firby, 1966
- Goniobasis marylandica G.C.Martin, 1904
- Goniobasis multicarinata L.S.Russell, 1932
- Goniobasis olequaensis (Arnold & Hannibal, 1912)
- Goniobasis olequahensis Weaver & Palmer, 1922
- Goniobasis omitta (Meek & Hayden, 1857)
- Goniobasis pealei Stanton, 1899
- Goniobasis reducta Stache, 1889
- Goniobasis reticulata Firby, 1966
- Goniobasis rodeoensis (B.L.Clark, 1915)
- Goniobasis sookensis B.L.Clark & Arnold, 1923
- Goniobasis stomatopsidum Stache, 1889
- Goniobasis suavis (Dall, 1913)
- Goniobasis subcarinata Stache, 1889
- Goniobasis sublaevis Stache, 1889
- Goniobasis sublaevus (Meek & Hayden, 1857)
- Goniobasis taylori (Gabb, 1866)
- Goniobasis tenuicosta Stache, 1889
- Goniobasis trigemmata (Conrad, 1860)
- Goniobasis unilirata Naranjo-García & Aguillón, 2019
- Goniobasis veatchii (Gabb, 1864)
- Goniobasis webbi Dyer, 1930
- Goniobasis weldensis J.Henderson, 1934
- Goniobasis whittakeri Dyer, 1930
- Goniobasis williamsi Dyer, 1930
- Gyrotoma Shuttleworth, 1845
- Io (gastropod) Io Lea, 1831:只有Io fluvialis (Say, 1825)一個物種。
- Leptoxis Rafinesque, 1819
- Lithasia Haldeman, 1840
- Lithasiopsis Pilsbry, 1910
- 肋蜷屬 Pleurocera Rafinesque, 1818:本科的模式屬[6]
Strong E. E., Gargominy O., Ponder W. F. & Bouchet P. (2008). "Global Diversity of Gastropods (Gastropoda; Mollusca) in Freshwater". Hydrobiologia 595: 149-166. doi:10.1007/s10750-007-9012-6.
Strong, Ellen E.; Colgan, D. J.; Healy, J. M.; Lydeard, C.; Ponder, W. F.; Glaubrecht, M. Phylogeny of the gastropod superfamily Cerithioidea using morphology and molecules. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 2011, 162 (1): 43–89. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00670.x (英語).
蔡茂榮; 羅鋆; 林國華; 黃明松; 卓鳴鶯; 李友松; 程由注. 沼蜷属螺一新种记述 (腹足纲: 黑贝科). 海洋科學 (期刊). 2017, 第41卷 (第11期) [2018-06-12]. (原始內容存檔於2018-06-12) (中文(簡體)).
Whelan, N. V.; Strong, Ellen E. Morphology, molecules and taxonomy: extreme incongruence in pleurocerids (Gastropoda, Cerithioidea, Pleuroceridae) [形態學、分子生物學和分類學:肋蜷科物種的極端不一致]. Zoologica Scripta. 2015: 26 pp. doi:10.1111/zsc.12139 (英語).
Strong, Ellen E.; Köhler, Frank. Morphological and molecular analysis of "Melania" jacqueti Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1906: from anonymous orphan to critical basal offshoot of the Semisulcospiridae (Gastropoda: Cerithioidea). Zoologica Scripta. 2009-08-11, 38 (5): 483–502. ISSN 1463-6409. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00385.x (英語).