中後不圓唇元音107–115, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002416 Gordon, Matthew J., New York, Philadelphia, and other northern cities: phonology, Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge
英語短-A語音史Papers 18. Amherst: GLSA, 77–136. Ferguson, C. A. 1972. "Short a" in Philadelphia English. In Studies in linguistics in honor of George L. Trager, ed. M. E