國際音標擴展Phonetics, 4, 273-280. 言語治療 已失效和非标准的国际音标符号（英语：Obsolete and nonstandard symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet）（英文） 擬聲詞 用于杂乱语音的扩展国际音标图表（PDF） 言語障礙用國際音標擴充符號表（一九九七年修訂）
開央不圓唇元音Ivo, Croatian, Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University
次閉元音ISBN 0-582-61700-6 International Phonetic Association, Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge:
次前元音次闭次前圆唇元音[ʏ] International Phonetic Association, Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge:
濁邊搭嘴音Phonetics in ASCII (Appendix D). [2019-07-25]. （原始内容存档于2004-02-19）. The International Phonetic Alphabet and the IPA Chart. International Phonetic Association