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食果啄木鳥屬,是啄木鳥科的一個屬。該屬包括24個種,其中大多數具有顯眼的黑白條紋,夾雜紅色與黃色。

事实速览 食果啄木鳥屬, 科學分類 ...
食果啄木鳥屬
紅腹啄木鳥 (Melanerpes carolinus)
科學分類 編輯
界: 動物界 Animalia
門: 脊索動物門 Chordata
綱: 鳥綱 Aves
目: 鴷形目 Piciformes
科: 啄木鳥科 Picidae
亞科: 啄木鳥亞科 Picinae
屬: 食果啄木鳥屬 Melanerpes
Swainson, 1832
模式種
紅頭啄木鳥[1]
Linnaeus, 1758
Species

See text

关闭

分類

1832年,威廉·斯溫森首次引入食果啄木鳥屬以歸納紅頭啄木鳥(學名:Melanerpes erythrocephalus)。[2]食果啄木鳥屬屬於食果啄木鳥族,後者還包括吸汁啄木鳥屬的北美吸汁啄木鳥和古巴綠啄木鳥屬[註 1][3]

特徵

食果啄木鳥屬中的鳥類體格介於小和中等之間,僅分布於新大陸。其中部分物種是西印度群島的特有種[註 2]。one subspecies, the Grand Bahama West Indian woodpecker (M. superciliaris bahamensis) became extinct in the 1950s. The majority of the species are from Central and South America.[4] Most species are boldly marked in black and white, with some areas of red and yellow.[5] The beaks are long and pointed, and sometimes curved. The sexes differ in many species, both in colour and in size.[4]

Some species such as the acorn woodpecker and the yellow-tufted woodpecker are sociable, foraging in groups, communicating vocally and nesting communally. These have complex breeding systems including some non-breeding adult helpers assisting in rearing the young. Like other woodpeckers, insects form a large part of the diet, being caught on the wing in some species, but fruit is also eaten in large quantities and some species consume 樹液. They all nest in holes that they excavate in trees, and the red-crowned woodpecker and the Hoffmann's woodpecker are unusual in that they sometimes enter their holes backwards.[5]

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物種

該屬其中包括了25個種類:[6]

更多信息 照片, 中文譯名 ...
照片 中文譯名 學名 主要分布
Thumb 白啄木 Melanerpes candidus Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay and Argentina.
Thumb 劉易氏啄木 Melanerpes lewis western and central United States
Thumb 瓜德魯普啄木 Melanerpes herminieri Guadeloupe archipelago
Thumb Puerto Rican woodpecker Melanerpes portoricensis Puerto Rico
Thumb 紅頭啄木鳥 Melanerpes erythrocephalus southern Canada and the east-central United States.
Thumb Acorn woodpecker Melanerpes formicivorus Oregon, California, and the southwestern United States, south through Central America to Colombia.
Thumb Yellow-tufted woodpecker Melanerpes cruentatus Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
Thumb Yellow-fronted woodpecker Melanerpes flavifrons Brazil, Paraguay and far northeastern Argentina.
Thumb Golden-naped woodpecker Melanerpes chrysauchen Costa Rica and western Panama
Thumb Beautiful woodpecker Melanerpes pulcher Colombia.
Thumb Black-cheeked woodpecker Melanerpes pucherani southeastern Mexico south to western Ecuador.
Thumb 白額啄木鳥 Melanerpes cactorum Bolivia, Paraguay and Argentina.
Thumb Hispaniolan woodpecker Melanerpes striatus Hispaniola (Haiti and the Dominican Republic)
Thumb Jamaican woodpecker Melanerpes radiolatus Jamaica.
Thumb Golden-cheeked woodpecker Melanerpes chrysogenys Mexico
Thumb Grey-breasted woodpecker Melanerpes hypopolius southwestern Mexico.
Thumb Yucatan woodpecker Melanerpes pygmaeus Belize and Mexico
Thumb Red-crowned woodpecker Melanerpes rubricapillus Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas and Tobago.
Thumb Gila woodpecker Melanerpes uropygialis southwestern United States and western Mexico.
Thumb Hoffmann's woodpecker Melanerpes hoffmannii southern Honduras south to Costa Rica
Thumb 金額啄木鳥 Melanerpes aurifrons Texas and Oklahoma in the United States through Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras and northern Nicaragua.
Thumb Velasquez's woodpecker Melanerpes santacruzi southern Mexico and parts of Central America.
Thumb 紅腹啄木鳥 Melanerpes carolinus eastern United States
Thumb 大紅腹啄木鳥 Melanerpes superciliaris Bahamas, the Cayman Islands and Cuba.
关闭
  • Melanerpes shawi (extinct: Late Pleistocene)[7]

註釋

參考文獻

外部連結

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