1873年恐慌

1873年恐慌（英語：Panic of 1873）是出發了1873年至1877年或1879年歐洲和北美經濟蕭條的金融危機，即長蕭條。恐慌最初來自奧匈帝國維也納，後擴散至歐美地區。

銀行

各地狀況

英屬印度

在美國和幾個歐洲殖民地發現大量白銀引起了1873年恐慌，從而導致白銀對黃金的價值下降，使印度的標準貨幣貶值。該事件被稱為「盧比貶值」。

開普殖民地

在開普殖民地，恐慌導致破產、失業率上升、公共工程暫停，以及一直持續到 1886 年發現黃金的重大貿易衰退。^[1]

奧斯曼帝國

奧斯曼帝國的經濟也受到了影響。對外貿易增長率下降，對外貿易條件惡化，小麥價格下跌影響了農民生產者，歐洲對奧斯曼財政的控制導致了海外巨額債務支付。長期蕭條時期農業和總產的增長率也低於後期。^[2]

拉丁貨幣同盟

白銀的普遍非貨幣化和貶值導致拉丁貨幣同盟在1873年暫停將白銀轉換為硬幣。^{[來源請求]}

參考

1. Keith Tankard, "The Effects of the 'great depression' of the Late 19th Century on East London 1873-1887." South African Journal of Economic History (1991) 6#2 pp. 72-88.
2. Pamuk, Sevket. The Ottoman Empire in the 'Great Depression' of 1873–1896. Journal of Economic History. 1984, 44 (1): 107–118. S2CID 154752536. doi:10.1017/S0022050700031399.

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• Wicker, Elmus. Banking panics of the gilded age (Cambridge University Press, 2006) contents

年鑑

• Appleton's Annual Cyclopedia...for 1873 (1879)載於Google圖書
• Appleton's Annual Cyclopedia...for 1875 (1877)載於Google圖書
• Appleton's Annual Cyclopedia...for 1876 (1885)載於Google圖書
• Appleton's Annual Cyclopedia...for 1877 (1878)載於Google圖書

外部鏈接