黑彩陶器(希臘語: 'μελανόμορφα,melanomorpha)是古希臘陶器,在紅底色上繪畫黑色的輪廓。原產於公元前7世紀早期的科林斯,一個世代之後,傳至阿提卡。斯巴達、雅典和希臘的東部地區,也有黑彩陶器.
黑彩陶器蓬勃發展,直到公元前530年,才被紅彩陶器取代,不過也有發現在這年之後才製造的黑彩陶器。
製造過程
雅典的花瓶由富含鐵的白色粘土製造,燒後會變成紅橙色;科林斯的則是奶油白色。圖案的輪廓會先在花瓶勾畫出,然後填上用精製粘土製成的塗料。細節會用雕刻工具刻在花瓶上,穿過塗料直達粘土層。然後花瓶會放進約攝氏800度的窯內燒,氧化作用使花瓶變成紅橙色。然後,窯的通風口會封閉,溫度會升高至約攝氏950度,新加進窯的木材會除去氧氣,這時,花瓶會變成黑色。最後階段,窯的通風口重開,讓氧氣進入窯。由於重新氧化,花瓶會變回紅橙色,而圖案仍然保持黑色。
參考
- J.D.Beazley The Development of Attic Black-Figure
- J.D. Beazley, Attic Black-figure vase painters, London, 1956
- John Boardman, Athenian Black Figure Vases, London, 1974
- D. Williams, Greek Vases, London, 1985
- P. Arias, M. Hirmer, History of Greek Vase Painting, 1962.
- J. D. Beazley, Potter and Painter in Ancient Athens, 1944.
- J. D.Beazley, Paralipomena, 1971.
- H. Payne, Necrocorinthia, 1931.
- D. A. Amyx, Corinthian Vase Painting of the Archaic Period, 3 vols, 1988.
- Joseph Veach Noble: The Techniques of Painted Attic Pottery. New York 1965.
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