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此條目介紹的是一種植物分類。關於生長於辣椒屬植物上、可用於食物的果實，請見「辣椒 (果實)」。辣椒屬（學名：Capsicum）是茄目茄科植物，為一年生草本，或灌木、亞灌木，原產於中南美洲，單葉互生，卵形至狹披針形；花白色或綠白色，1－3朵聚生，5裂，雄蕊5；果實為漿果，果皮肉質或近革質，顏色和形狀種種，常有辛辣味；種子多數，扁圓盤形。
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- 辣椒 Capsicum annuum
- 小米辣 Capsicum frutescens
- 黃燈籠辣椒 Capsicum chinense
- C. pendulum
- C. pubescens
- C. minimum
- C. baccatum
- C. abbreviatum
- C. anomalum
- C. breviflorum
- C. buforum
- C. brasilianum
- C. campylopodium
- C. cardenasii
- C. chacoense
- C. ciliare
- C. ciliatum
- C. chlorocladium
- C. coccineum
- C. cordiforme
- C. cornutum
- C. dimorphum
- C. dusenii
- C. exile
- C. eximium
- C. fasciculatum
- C. fastigiatum
- C. flexuosum
- C. galapagoensis
- C. geminifolum
- C. hookerianum
- C. lanceolatum
- C. leptopodum
- C. luteum
- C. microcarpum
- C. minutiflorum
- C. mirabile
- C. parvifolium
- C. praetermissum
- C. schottianum
- C. scolnikianum
- C. stramonifolium
- C. tetragonum
- C. tovarii
- C. villosum
- C. violaceum
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