載脂蛋白L1(Apolipoprotein L1,常簡寫為ApoL1)是一系列被稱為「載脂蛋白」的蛋白質中的一種。在人體中,它由位於22號染色體長臂的APOL1基因編碼[4][5][6][7]。截至到2020年2月9日,已經發現了三種APOL1基因的剪切變異體(splicing variant),分別對應了載脂蛋白L1的三種同源異構體(isoform)[8]。
Quick Facts 載脂蛋白L1, 已知的結構 ...
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載脂蛋白L1的1型同源異構體由398個氨基酸構成;2型同源異構體由414個氨基酸構成;3型同源異構體由380個氨基酸構成。三個異構體的序列大同小異,二級結構也大體相同。均主要包含以下結構域(從N端到C端,以下以1型同源異構體為例)[9][10]:
- 1-27號氨基酸殘基:信號肽(signal peptide)
- 60-237號殘基:孔形成域(pore forming domain, PFD),其中包含一個9個氨基酸長度的BH3結構域(158-166號殘基)
- 238-304號殘基:膜地址域(membrane addressing domain, MAD)
- 339-398號殘基:SRA相互作用域(SRA-interacting domain)
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Xiqian Lan; Hongxiu Wen; Rivka Lederman; Ashwani Malhotra; Joanna Mikulak; Waldemar Popik; Karl Skorecki; Pravin C. Singhal. Protein domains of APOL1 and Its Risk Variants. Exp Mol Pathol. 2015 August, 99 (1): 139–144. PMID 26091559. doi:10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.06.003.