血綠素

血綠素 （Chlorocruorin）是一種存在於多種環節動物（特別是多個多毛綱物種，例如龍介蟲科）血液的血漿裡的帶氧蛋白^[1]^[2]^[3]，負責為身體組織攜帶氧氣。這種血綠素與氧氣結合的親和力較大多數的血紅蛋白為低，但與一氧化碳結合的親和力，是人血內的血紅素的570倍^[4]。

血綠素是一種（雙色（英語：dichromatism））化合物，其顏色隨含氧量而變：脫氧時呈綠色，但帶氧時呈紅色；在濃度低的溶液呈綠色、濃度高時變淺紅色^[5]^[6]^[7]。

血綠素是一個巨大分子，但不存在於紅血球內，而是自由地在血漿內漂浮^[8]^[9]。其結構跟無脊椎動物血紅蛋白（英語：erythrocruorin）非常相像；而無脊椎動物血紅蛋白的結構又跟肌紅蛋白（myoglobin）只有幾個subunits的差異。它本身由多組16-17kDa的類肌紅蛋白單元排列，形成一個有超過一百個單元的巨型複雜構造，蛋白間有互連，總重量超過3600kDa。The only significant difference between chlorocruorin and erythrocruorin is that chlorocruorin carries an abnormal heme group structure^[8]。

參考文獻

[1]
H. Munro Fox. The Blood Circulation of Animals Possessing Chlorocruorin. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 1933-04-01, 112 (779): 479–495. JSTOR 81599. doi:10.1098/rspb.1938.0042.
[2]
R. F. Ewer, H. Munro Fox. On the Function of Chlorocruorin. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 1940-08-09, 129 (855): 137–153. JSTOR 82389. doi:10.1098/rspb.1940.0033.
[3]
D.W. Ewer. The blood systems of Sabella and Spirographis. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science. 1941, 82 (s2): 587–619 [2010-05-01]. （原始內容存檔於2008-10-06）.
[4]
Cowles, David. Serpula vermicularis Linnaeus, 1767. Invertebrates of the Salish Sea. Rosario Beach Marine Laboratory at Walla Walla University. 2006 [2011-10-31]. （原始內容存檔於2011-10-02）.
[5]
H. Munro Fox. Chlorocruorin: A Pigment Allied to Haemoglobin. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 1926-02-01, 99 (696): 199–220. JSTOR 81088. doi:10.1098/rspb.1926.0008.
[6]
H. Munro Fox. The Oxygen Affinity of Chlorocruorin. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 1 September 1932, 111 (772): 356–363. JSTOR 81716. doi:10.1098/rspb.1932.0060.
[7]
H. Munro Fox. On Chlorocruorin and Haemoglobin. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 19 October 1949, 136 (884): 378–388. JSTOR 82565. doi:10.1098/rspb.1949.0031.
[8]
Pallavicini A, Negrisolo E, Barbato R; et al. The primary structure of globin and linker chains from the chlorocruorin of the polychaete Sabella spallanzanii. J. Biol. Chem. July 2001, 276 (28): 26384–90 [2016-03-17]. PMID 11294828. doi:10.1074/jbc.M006939200. （原始內容存檔於2020-05-28）.
[9]
Lamy JN, Green BN, Toulmond A, Wall JS, Weber RE, Vinogradov SN. Giant Hexagonal Bilayer Hemoglobins. Chem Rev. 1996-12-19, 96 (8): 3113–3124. PMID 11848854. doi:10.1021/cr9600058 （英語）.

外部連結

醫學主題詞表（MeSH）：chlorocruorin

[HMFox1933-1] [1]
H. Munro Fox. The Blood Circulation of Animals Possessing Chlorocruorin. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 1933-04-01, 112 (779): 479–495. JSTOR 81599. doi:10.1098/rspb.1938.0042.

[RFEwer-2] [2]
R. F. Ewer, H. Munro Fox. On the Function of Chlorocruorin. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 1940-08-09, 129 (855): 137–153. JSTOR 82389. doi:10.1098/rspb.1940.0033.

[DWEwer-3] [3]
D.W. Ewer. The blood systems of Sabella and Spirographis. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science. 1941, 82 (s2): 587–619 [2010-05-01]. （原始內容存檔於2008-10-06）.

[Cowles-4] [4]
Cowles, David. Serpula vermicularis Linnaeus, 1767. Invertebrates of the Salish Sea. Rosario Beach Marine Laboratory at Walla Walla University. 2006 [2011-10-31]. （原始內容存檔於2011-10-02）.

[HMFox1926-5] [5]
H. Munro Fox. Chlorocruorin: A Pigment Allied to Haemoglobin. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 1926-02-01, 99 (696): 199–220. JSTOR 81088. doi:10.1098/rspb.1926.0008.

[HMFox1932-6] [6]
H. Munro Fox. The Oxygen Affinity of Chlorocruorin. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 1 September 1932, 111 (772): 356–363. JSTOR 81716. doi:10.1098/rspb.1932.0060.

[HMFox1949-7] [7]
H. Munro Fox. On Chlorocruorin and Haemoglobin. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 19 October 1949, 136 (884): 378–388. JSTOR 82565. doi:10.1098/rspb.1949.0031.

[pmid11294828-8] [8]
Pallavicini A, Negrisolo E, Barbato R; et al. The primary structure of globin and linker chains from the chlorocruorin of the polychaete Sabella spallanzanii. J. Biol. Chem. July 2001, 276 (28): 26384–90 [2016-03-17]. PMID 11294828. doi:10.1074/jbc.M006939200. （原始內容存檔於2020-05-28）.

[Lamy-9] [9]
Lamy JN, Green BN, Toulmond A, Wall JS, Weber RE, Vinogradov SN. Giant Hexagonal Bilayer Hemoglobins. Chem Rev. 1996-12-19, 96 (8): 3113–3124. PMID 11848854. doi:10.1021/cr9600058 （英語）.

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