留聲機(phonograph)亦稱唱機(gramophone),是一種可以發出唱片所記錄聲音的機器。
此條目沒有列出任何參考或來源。 (2019年5月22日) |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/EdisonPhonograph.jpg/320px-EdisonPhonograph.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Edison_and_phonograph_edit2.jpg/640px-Edison_and_phonograph_edit2.jpg)
其聲音儲存在以聲學方法在黑膠唱片平面上刻出的弧形刻槽內。聲音振動波形以雕刻、蝕刻、切割或壓印到旋轉圓柱或盤的表面的溝槽裏,稱為「記錄」。為了重新創造聲音,旋轉表面,使用針頭跟蹤凹槽並因此被它振動,可以非常微弱地再現所記錄的聲音。在早期的聲學留聲機中,針頭振動了一個振膜,振膜產生的聲波通過喇叭,或通過聽診器式耳機直接傳播到聽眾的耳朵。
1857年法國發明家斯科特(Scott)發明了聲波振記器,並於1857年3月25日取得專利,是最早的原始錄音機,是留聲機的鼻祖。
1877年美國發明家愛迪生對留聲機進行了重大改進。而第一個使用唱片的留聲機於1888年由德裔美國發明家貝利納首先演示。唱片後來逐漸取代了筒式留聲機,因為唱片能比較方便地大量複製,播放時間也比大多數筒形錄音介質長。
延伸閲讀
- Bruil, Rudolf A. (January 8, 2004). "Linear Tonearms (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)." Retrieved on July 25, 2011.
- Gelatt, Roland. The Fabulous Phonograph, 1877–1977. Second rev. ed., [being also the] First Collier Books ed., in series, Sounds of the Century. New York: Collier, 1977. 349 p., ill. ISBN 0-02-032680-7
- Heumann, Michael. "Metal Machine Music: The Phonograph's Voice and the Transformation of Writing (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)." eContact! 14.3 — Turntablism (January 2013). Montréal: CEC.
- Koenigsberg, Allen. The Patent History of the Phonograph, 1877–1912. APM Press, 1991.
- Reddie, Lovell N. The Gramophone And The Mechanical Recording And Reproduction Of Musical Sounds. Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. 1908: 209–231 [2009-08-07]. (原始內容存檔於2021-04-15).
- Various. "Turntable [wiki]: Bibliography." eContact! 14.3 — Turntablism (January 2013). Montréal: CEC.
- Weissenbrunner, Karin. "Experimental Turntablism: Historical overview of experiments with record players / records — or Scratches from Second-Hand Technology (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)." eContact! 14.3 — Turntablism (January 2013). Montréal: CEC.
外部連結
- c.1915 Swiss hot-air engined gramophone (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館) at Museum of RetroTechnology
- Interactive sculpture delivers tactile soundwave experience (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- Very early recordings from around the world (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- The Birth of the Recording Industry (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- The Cylinder Archive (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- Cylinder Preservation & Digitization Project – Over 6,000 cylinder recordings held by the Department of Special Collections, University of California, Santa Barbara, free for download or streamed online.
- Cylinder players held at the British Library (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館) – information and high-quality images.
- History of Recorded Sound: Phonographs and Records
- EnjoytheMusic.com (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館) – Excerpts from the book Hi-Fi All-New 1958 Edition
- Listen to early recordings on the Edison Phonograph (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- Mario Frazzetto's Phonograph and Gramophone Gallery (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館).
- Say What? (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館) – Essay on phonograph technology and intellectual property law
- Vinyl Engine (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館) – Information, images, articles and reviews from around the world
- The Analogue Dept (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館) – Information, images and tutorials; strongly focused on Thorens brand
- 45 rpm player and changer (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館) at work on YouTube
- Historic video footage of Edison operating his original tinfoil phonograph (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- Turntable History on Enjoy the Music.com (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
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