環蛇屬(學名:Bungarus)中的成員皆為具致命毒素的蛇,屬於眼鏡蛇科,主要分布在亞洲。
這個屬之下,總共有12個種,其中7種在印度也可見(B. bungaroides、B. caeruleus、B. fasciatus、B. lividus、B. niger、B. sindanus、B. undamanensis)。這類蛇主要以其他蛇類和蜥蜴為食。環蛇屬皆為夜行性,動作緩慢,喜歡把頭部隱藏於牠們盤捲的身體之下,並揮動牠們的尾部來分散其他生物的注意力。常見的種類包括金環蛇、銀環蛇和印度環蛇。
下屬分類
本科包括以下屬:[1]
- 安達曼環蛇 Bungarus andamanensis Biswas & Sanyal, 1978
- 喜山環蛇 Bungarus bungaroides (Cantor, 1839)
- 印度環蛇 Bungarus caeruleus (Schneider, 1801)
- 馬來環蛇 Bungarus candidus (Linnaeus, 1758)
- 斯里蘭卡環蛇 Bungarus ceylonicus Günther, 1864
- 金環蛇 Bungarus fasciatus (Schneider, 1801)
- 紅頭環蛇 Bungarus flaviceps Reinhardt, 1843
- 烏環蛇 Bungarus lividus Cantor, 1839
- 緬甸環蛇 Bungarus magnimaculatus Wall & Evans, 1901
- 銀環蛇 Bungarus multicinctus Blyth, 1861
- 黑環蛇 Bungarus niger Wall, 1908
- 波斯環蛇 Bungarus persicus Abtin, Nilson, Mobaraki, Hooseini & Dehgannejhad, 2014,伊朗環蛇
- Bungarus romulusi Sunagar, Khochare, Senji Laxme, Attarde, Dam, Suranse, Khaire, Martin & Captain, 2021
- Bungarus sagittatus Aksornneam, Rujirawan, Yodthong, Sung & Aowphol, 2024[2]
- 信德環蛇 Bungarus sindanus Boulenger, 1897,希達努斯環蛇
- 紅河環蛇 Bungarus slowinskii Kuch, Kizirian, Nguyen, Lawson, Donnelly & Mebs, 2005
- 素貞環蛇 Bungarus suzhenae Chen, Shi, Vogel, Ding & Shi, 2021,以《白蛇傳》中的人物白素貞來命名[3]
- 沃氏環蛇 Bungarus walli Wall, 1907,鄂氏環蛇
參考文獻
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