猶他-阿茲特克語系

猶他-阿茲特克語系（Uto-Aztecan languages）是一個美洲原住民語言的語系。猶他-阿茲特克語系主要分布在北美大盆地地區（Great Basin）的美國奧勒岡州、愛達荷州、猶他州、加州、內華達州、亞利桑那州等地，且一直分佈到墨西哥。「猶他（Utah）」這個名稱是源自屬於猶他-阿茲特克語系的猶特（Ute）族原住民。阿茲特克人的語言古典納瓦特爾語及現代的各種納瓦特爾語也屬於猶他-阿茲特克語系。

猶他-阿茲特克語系
地理分佈	美國西部、墨西哥
譜系學分類	美洲原住民語言
原始語言	原始猶他-阿茲特克語
分支	北猶他-阿茲特克語族 南猶他-阿茲特克語族
ISO 639-5	azc
–
Glottolog	utoa1244[1]
猶他-阿茲特克語系原始接觸的分布
目前墨西哥現存猶他-阿茲特克語

原始猶他－阿茲特克語

主條目：原始猶他－阿茲特克語

原始猶他－阿茲特克語
PUA
區域	北墨西哥和美國西南部
時代	3000 BC
下層重建	原始納瓦語

原始猶他－阿茲特克語是猶他－阿茲特克語系的祖語。學界一般認為原始猶他－阿茲特克語的原鄉在亞利桑那州和新墨西哥州的高地地區，以及鄰接的墨西哥索諾拉省和奇瓦瓦省，大致對應索諾拉沙漠和奇瓦瓦沙漠西部。它在約5000年前由北墨西哥和美國西南部的中石器時代放牧者使用。

參考

1. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (編). Uto-Aztecan. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016.

資料

• Brown, Cecil H. Lack of linguistic support for Proto-Uto-Aztecan at 8900 BP (letter). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2010, 107 (15): E34; author reply E35–6. PMC 2841887 . PMID 20231478. doi:10.1073/pnas.0914859107.
• Caballero, G. Behind the Mexican Mountains: Recent Developments and New Directions in Research on Uto‐Aztecan Languages. Language and Linguistics Compass. 2011, 5 (7): 485–504. doi:10.1111/j.1749-818x.2011.00287.x.
• Campbell, Lyle. American Indian Languages: The Historical Linguistics of Native America. Oxford University Press. 1997.
• Campbell, Lyle. What drives linguistic diversification and language spread?. Bellwood, Peter; Renfrew, Colin (編). Examining the farming/language dispersal hypothesis. Cambridge(U.K.): McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research. 2003: 49–63.
• Campbell, Lyle; Poser, William J. Language classification, history and method. Cambridge University Press. 2008.
• Cortina-Borja, M; Valiñas-Coalla, L. Some remarks on Uto-Aztecan Classification.. International Journal of American Linguistics. 1989, 55 (2): 214–239. S2CID 145309871. doi:10.1086/466114.
• Cortina-Borja, M.; Stuart-Smith, J.; Valiñas-Coalla, L. Multivariate classification methods for lexical and phonological dissimilarities and their application to the Uto-Aztecan family. Journal of Quantitative Linguistics. 2002, 9 (2): 97–124. S2CID 205390627. doi:10.1076/jqul.9.2.97.8485.
• Dakin, Karen. Long vowels and morpheme boundaries in Nahuatl and Uto-Aztecan: comments on historical developments (PDF). Amerindia. 1996, 21 [2021-08-15]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2018-11-13）.
• Fowler, Catherine S. Some lexical clues to Uto-Aztecan prehistory. International Journal of American Linguistics. 1983, 49 (3): 224–257. S2CID 143511895. doi:10.1086/465789.
• Goddard, Ives. Introduction. Goddard, Ives (編). Handbook of North American Indians 17. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. 1996: 1–16.
• Haugen, J. D. Morphology at the interfaces: reduplication and noun incorporation in Uto-Aztecan 117. John Benjamins Publishing. 2008.
• Heath, J. Uto-Aztecan* na-class verbs. International Journal of American Linguistics. 1978, 44 (3): 211–222. S2CID 16989534. doi:10.1086/465546.
• Hill, Jane H. Proto-Uto-Aztecan. American Anthropologist. New Series. December 2001, 103 (4): 913–934. JSTOR 684121. doi:10.1525/aa.2001.103.4.913.
• Hill, Jane H. New evidence for a Mesoamerican homeland for Proto-Uto-Aztecan. PNAS. 2010, 107 (11): E33; author reply E35–6. Bibcode:2010PNAS..107E..33H. PMC 2841890 . PMID 20231477. doi:10.1073/pnas.0914473107.
• Hill, J. H. Subgrouping in Uto-Aztecan. Language Dynamics and Change. 2011, 1 (2): 241–278. doi:10.1163/221058212x643978.
• Iannucci, David. Numic historical phonology. Cornell University PhD dissertation. 1972.
• Kaufman, Terrence. Nawa linguistic prehistory. Mesoamerican Language Documentation Project. 2001 [2021-08-15]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-03）.
• Kaufman, Terrence. Lyle Campbell , 編. Comparative Uto-Aztecan Phonology. Unpublished manuscript. 1981.
• Kemp; González-Oliver; Malhi; Monroe; Schroeder; McDonough; Rhett; Resendéz; Peñalosa-Espinoza; Buentello-Malo; Gorodetsky; Smith. Evaluating the farming/language dispersal hypothesis with genetic variation exhibited by populations in the Southwest and Mesoamerica. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2010, 107 (15): 6759–6764. Bibcode:2010PNAS..107.6759K. PMC 2872417 . PMID 20351276. doi:10.1073/pnas.0905753107.
• Kroeber, Alfred Louis. Shoshonean dialects of California. The University Press. 1907 [24 August 2012].
• Kroeber, Alfred Louis. Uto-Aztecan Languages of Mexico 8. University of California Press. 1934.
• Langacker, Ronald W. The Vowels of Proto Uto-Aztecan. International Journal of American Linguistics. 1970, 36 (3): 169–180. S2CID 144762214. doi:10.1086/465108.
• Langacker, R. W. An overview of Uto-Aztecan grammar. Summer Institute of Linguistics. 1977.
• Langacker, R. W. Non-distinct arguments in Uto-Aztecan. Berkeley: University of California Press. 1976.
• Manaster Ramer, Alexis. A Northern Uto-Aztecan Sound Law: *-c- → -y-¹. International Journal of American Linguistics. 1992, 58 (3): 251–268. JSTOR 3519784. S2CID 148412173. doi:10.1086/ijal.58.3.3519784.
• Merrill, William L.; Hard, Robert J.; Mabry, Jonathan B.; Fritz; Adams; Roney; MacWilliams. Reply to Hill and Brown: Maize and Uto-Aztecan cultural history. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2010, 107 (11): E35–E36. Bibcode:2010PNAS..107E..35M. PMC 2841871 . doi:10.1073/pnas.1000923107.
• Merrill, W. The genetic unity of southern Uto-Aztecan. Language Dynamics and Change. 2013, 3: 68–104. doi:10.1163/22105832-13030102.
• Merrill, William L. The Historical Linguistics of Uto-Aztecan Agriculture. Anthropological Linguistics. 2012, 54 (3): 203–260. S2CID 144089923. doi:10.1353/anl.2012.0017.
• Miller, Wick R. Numic Languages. Warren L. d』Azevedo (編). Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 11, Great Basin. Washington: Smithsonian Institution. 1986: 98–106.
• Miller, Wick R. A note on extinct languages of northwest Mexico of supposed Uto-Aztecan affiliation.. International Journal of American Linguistics. 1983a, 49 (3): 328–333. S2CID 144510097. doi:10.1086/465793.
• Miller, Wick R. Uto-Aztecan languages. Ortiz, Alfonso (編). Handbook of North American Indians 10. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. 1983: 113–124.
• Miller, Wick R. The classification of the Uto-Aztecan languages based on lexical evidence.. International Journal of American Linguistics. 1984, 50 (1): 1–24. S2CID 144398421. doi:10.1086/465813.
• Mithun, Marianne. The languages of Native America. Cambridge University Press. 1999.
• Sapir, E. Southern Paiute and Nahuatl, a study in Uto-Aztekan. Journal de la Société des Américanistes. 1913, 10 (2): 379–425. doi:10.3406/jsa.1913.2866.
• Shaul, David L. A Prehistory of Western North America: The Impact of Uto-Aztecan Languages. University of New Mexico Press. 2014.
• Shaul, David L.; Hill, Jane H. Tepimans, Yumans, and other Hohokam. American Antiquity. 1998, 63 (3): 375–396. JSTOR 2694626. doi:10.2307/2694626.
• Steele, Susan. Uto-Aztecan: An assessment for historical and comparative linguistics. Campbell, Lyle; Mithun, Marianne (編). The Languages of Native America: Historical and Comparative Assessment. Austin: University of Texas Press. 1979: 444–544.
• Voegelin, C. F.; Voegelin, F.; Hale, K. Typological and Comparative Grammar of Uto-Aztecan: Phonology. Memoirs of the International Journal of American Linguistics 17. Waverly Press. 1962.
• Whorf, B. L. The Comparative Linguistics of Uto-Aztecan. American Anthropologist. 1935, 37 (4): 600–608. doi:10.1525/aa.1935.37.4.02a00050 .

獨立語言

• Boas, Franz. El dialecto mexicano de Pochutla, Oaxaca. International Journal of American Linguistics. 1917, 1 (1): 9–44 [2021-08-15]. OCLC 56221629. S2CID 145443094. doi:10.1086/463709. （原始內容存檔於2021-08-15） （西班牙語）.
• Hopi Dictionary Project. Hopi Dictionary: Hopìikwa Lavàytutuveni: A Hopi–English Dictionary of the Third Mesa Dialect With an English–Hopi Finder List and a Sketch of Hopi Grammar. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. 1998.
• Campbell, Lyle. The Pipil Language of El Salvador. Mouton Grammar Library, no. 1. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 1985 [2014-06-06]. ISBN 978-3-11-010344-1. OCLC 13433705. （原始內容存檔於2014-06-06）.
• Dayley, Jon P. Tümpisa (Panamint) Shoshone Grammar. University of California Publications in Linguistics. 1989, 115.
• Givón, Talmy. Ute Reference Grammar. Culture and Language Use Volume 3. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. 2011.
• Jeanne, LaVerne Masayesva. Aspects of Hopi grammar. MIT, dissertation. 1978.
• Voegelin, Charles F. Tübatulabal Grammar. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology. 1935, 34: 55–190.
• Voegelin, Charles F. Working Dictionary of Tübatulabal. International Journal of American Linguistics. 1958, 24 (3): 221–228. S2CID 145758965. doi:10.1086/464459.
• Robinson, Lila Wistrand; Armagost, James. Comanche dictionary and grammar. publications in linguistics (No. 92). Dallas, Texas: The Summer Institute of Linguistics and The University of Texas at Arlington. 1990.
• Lamb, Sydney M. A Grammar of Mono (PDF). PhD Dissertation, University of California, Berkeley. 1958 [July 8, 2012]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2018-11-13）.
• Zigmond, Maurice L.; Booth, Curtis G.; Munro, Pamela. Pamela Munro , 編. Kawaiisu, A Grammar and Dictionary with Texts. University of California Publications in Linguistics 119. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. 1991.
• Nichols, Michael. Northern Paiute historical grammar. University of California, Berkeley PhD dissertation. 1973.
• McLaughlin, John E. Shoshoni Grammar. Languages of the World/Meterials 488. Muenchen: LINCOM Europa. 2012.
• Press, Margaret L. Chemehuevi, A Grammar and Lexicon. University of California Publications in Linguistics 92. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. 1979.
• Sapir, Edward. Southern Paiute, a Shoshonean Language. William Bright (編). The Collected Works of Edward Sapir, X, Southern Paiute and Ute Linguistics and Ethnography. Berlin: Mouton deGruyter. 1992 [1930].
• Seiler, Hans-Jakob. Cahuilla Grammar. Banning, California: Malki Museum Press. 1977.
• Hill, Kenneth C. A Grammar of the Serrano Language. University of California, Los Angeles, PhD dissertation. 1967.
• Hill, Jane H. A Grammar of Cupeño. University of California Publications in Linguistics. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2005.
• Caballero, Gabriela. Choguita Rarámuri (Tarahumara) Phonology and Morphology (PDF) (學位論文). University of California at Berkeley. 2008 [2021-08-15]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2016-03-03）.
• Thornes, Tim. A Northern Paiute Grammar with Texts. PhD Dissertation: University of Oregon at Eugene. 2003 [2021-08-15]. （原始內容存檔於2021-08-15）.
• Kroeber, Alfred L.; Grace, George William. The Sparkman Grammar of Luiseño. University of California Publications in Linguistics 16. Berkeley: The University of California Press. 1960.
• Zepeda, Ofelia. A Tohono O'odham Grammar. Tucson, Arizona: The University of Arizona Press. 1983.
• Willett, T. A reference grammar of southeastern Tepehuan (PDF). Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics and University of Texas at Arlington. 1991 [2021-08-15]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2018-08-09）.
• Miller, Wick R. La lengua guarijio: gramatica, vocabulario y textos. Mexico City: Instituto de Investigaciones Antropologicas, UNAM. 1996.
• Bascom, Burton W. Northern Tepehuan. Ronald W. Langacker (編). Studies in Uto-Aztecan Grammar, Volume 3, Uto-Aztecan Grammatical Sketches. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics and the University of Texas at Arlington. 1982: 267–393.
• Lionnet, Andrés. El idioma tubar y los tubares. Segun documentos ineditos de C. S. Lumholtz y C. V. Hartman. Mexico, D. F: Universidad Iberoamericana. 1978.
• Casad, Eugene H. Cora. Ronald W. Langacker (編). Studies in Uto-Aztecan grammar 4: Southern Uto-Aztecan grammatical sketches. Summer Institute of Linguistics Publications in Linguistics 56. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics and the University of Texas at Arlington. 1984: 153–149.
• Dedrick, John; Casad, Eugene H. Sonora Yaqui Language Structures. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press. 1999 [2021-08-15]. ISBN 9780816519811. （原始內容存檔於2017-06-05）.
• Freeze, Ray A. Mayo de Los Capomos, Sinaloa. Archivo de Lenguas Indígenas del Estado de Oaxaca, 14. 14. 166. México, D.F.: Instituto de Investigación e Integración Social del Estado de Oaxaca. 1989.
• Lionnet, Andrés. Un idioma extinto de sonora: El eudeve. México: UNAM. 1986 [2021-08-15]. ISBN 978-968-837-915-8. （原始內容存檔於2021-08-15）.
• Estrada-Fernández, Zarina. Pima bajo de Yepachi, Chihuahua. Archivo de Lenguas Indigenas de Mexico. Colegio de México. 1998.
• Munro, Pamela; Gabrielino/Tongva Language Committee. Yaara' Shiraaw'ax 'Eyooshiraaw'a. Now You're Speaking Our Language: Gabrielino/Tongva/Fernandeño. Lulu.com. 2008.^{[自述來源]}
• Launey, Michel. Categories et operations dans la grammaire Nahuatl. Ph. D. dissertation, Paris IV. 1986 [2021-08-15]. （原始內容存檔於2015-08-04）.
• Langacker, Ronald W. (編). Studies in Uto-Aztecan Grammar 2: Modern Aztec Grammatical Sketches. Summer Institute of Linguistics Publications in Linguistics, 56. Dallas, TX: Summer Institute of Linguistics and the University of Texas at Arlington. 1979. ISBN 978-0-88312-072-9.
• Mason, J. Alden. Tepecano, A Piman language of western Mexico. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1916, 25 (1): 309–416. Bibcode:1916NYASA..25..309M. S2CID 86778121. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1916.tb55171.x. hdl:2027/uc1.c077921598 .
• Shaul, D. L. The Opatan Languages, Plus Jova.. Festschrift. INAH. 2001.
• Iturrioz Leza, José Luis; Ramírez de la Cruz, Julio. Gramática Didáctica del Huichol: Vol. I. Estructura Fonológica y Sistema de Escritura. Departamento de Estudios en Lenguas Indígenas–Universidad de Guadalajara – Secretaria de Educación Pública. 2001.

外部連結

• Uto-Aztecan.org, a website devoted to the comparative study of the Uto-Aztecan language family
• Swadesh vocabulary lists for Uto-Aztecan languages （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） (from Wiktionary's Swadesh-list appendix （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）)