由三部分組成:盛油容器、油和導油的燈芯。容器一般為金屬或陶瓷等耐熱材料製作,形狀很多,最簡單的是用小缽加上油和捻子製成的燈盞。地中海地區傳統使用橄欖油、中亞使用酥油、中國傳統使用豆油等。捻子類似蠟燭的芯,為多孔的纖維質地,通過毛細作用吸油,本身則燃燒得很慢。中國傳統有用禾本目燈心草科的植物燈心草(Juncus effusus L.)乾燥的莖髓做捻子的。
歷史
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