石櫟屬（學名：Lithocarpus），又稱柯屬，是殼斗科（山毛櫸科）中的一個屬，在雄性穗型上與櫟屬不同。《World Checklist》收錄了屬下334個種，而其他文獻認為至少還有另外的100種。大約有100種之前被認為是Pasania屬。雖然有提出了通用名stone oak[誰？]，但是所有的這些東亞及東南亞的物種都沒有一個廣泛使用的英語俗名。
在北美洲，有一種被稱為tanoak（或tanbark oak）的樹木原先被歸為石櫟屬，但在其後的研究中顯示此種物種與石櫟屬其他的亞洲物種遺傳關係十分遙遠，後被歸類至偽石櫟屬（Notholithocarpus）。[1]
石櫟屬是常綠喬木，葉互生，全緣或具齒。種子與橡樹的橡子相似，但擁有非常堅固的木質堅果殼。因此屬名是由希臘語lithos（石） + carpos（種子）組成。某些物種的果核可以使用（如日本石柯），但某些果核因鞣酸（單寧酸，C76H52O46）呈苦味，不可食用。
下屬物種
本屬包括以下物種：[2]
- 愉柯 Lithocarpus amoenus
- 杏葉柯 Lithocarpus amygdalifolius
- 向陽柯 Lithocarpus apricus
- 小箱柯 Lithocarpus arcaula
- 檳榔柯 Lithocarpus areca
- 尖葉柯 Lithocarpus attenuatus
- 茸果柯 Lithocarpus bacgiangensis
- 猴面柯 Lithocarpus balansae
- 帽柯 Lithocarpus bonnetii
- 短穗柯 Lithocarpus brachystachyus
- 短尾柯 Lithocarpus brevicaudatus
- 美苞柯 Lithocarpus calolepis
- 美葉柯 Lithocarpus calophyllus
- 紅心柯 Lithocarpus carolineae
- 尾葉柯 Lithocarpus caudatilimbus
- 粵北柯 Lithocarpus chifui
- 瓊中柯 Lithocarpus chiungchungensis
- 金毛柯 Lithocarpus chrysocomus
- 爐灰柯 Lithocarpus cinereus
- 包果柯 Lithocarpus cleistocarpus
- 格林柯 Lithocarpus collettii
- 窄葉柯 Lithocarpus confinis
- 煙斗柯 Lithocarpus corneus
- 白穗柯 Lithocarpus craibianus
- 硬葉柯 Lithocarpus crassifolius
- 閉殼柯 Lithocarpus cryptocarpus
- 風兜柯 Lithocarpus cucullatus
- 魚藍柯 Lithocarpus cyrtocarpus
- 大湖柯 Lithocarpus dahuensis H.X.Su, Miao Zhang & B.Hua Chen
- 大苗山柯 Lithocarpus damiaoshanicus
- 白柯 Lithocarpus dealbatus
- 柳葉柯 Lithocarpus dodonaeifolius
- 防城柯 Lithocarpus ducampii
- 壺殼柯 Lithocarpus echinophorus
- 刺殼柯 Lithocarpus echinotholus
- Lithocarpus eiadthongii Sinbumr., Rueangr. & Sungkaew[3]
- 胡頹子葉柯 Lithocarpus elaeagnifolius
- 厚斗柯 Lithocarpus elizabethiae
- 萬寧柯 Lithocarpus elmerrillii
- 枇杷葉柯 Lithocarpus eriobotryoides
- 川柯 Lithocarpus fangii
- 易武柯 Lithocarpus farinulentus
- 泥柯 Lithocarpus fenestratus
- 紅柯 Lithocarpus fenzelianus
- 捲毛柯 Lithocarpus floccosus
- 勐海柯 Lithocarpus fohaiensis
- 密脈柯 Lithocarpus fordianus
- 台灣柯 Lithocarpus formosanus
- 高黎貢柯 Lithocarpus gaoligongensis
- 望樓柯 Lithocarpus garrettianus
- 柯 Lithocarpus glaber
- Lithocarpus glaucus
- 耳葉柯 Lithocarpus grandifolius
- 假魚藍柯 Lithocarpus gymnocarpus
- 菴耳柯 Lithocarpus haipinii
- 硬殼柯 Lithocarpus hancei
- 瘤果柯 Lithocarpus handelianus
- 港柯 Lithocarpus harlandii
- 灰柯 Lithocarpus henryi
- 梨果柯 Lithocarpus howii
- 灰背葉柯 Lithocarpus hypoglaucus
- 廣南柯 Lithocarpus irwinii
- 鼠刺葉柯 Lithocarpus iteaphyllus
- 挺葉柯 Lithocarpus ithyphyllus
- 盈江柯 Lithocarpus jenkinsii
- 齒葉柯 Lithocarpus kawakamii
- 油葉柯 Lithocarpus konishii
- 屏邊柯 Lithocarpus laetus
- 老撾柯 Lithocarpus laoticus
- 鬼石柯 Lithocarpus lepidocarpus
- 白枝柯 Lithocarpus leucodermis
- 滑殼柯 Lithocarpus levis
- 木姜葉柯 Lithocarpus litseifolius
- 誼柯 Lithocarpus listeri
- 龍眼柯 Lithocarpus longanoides
- 柄果柯 Lithocarpus longipedicellatus
- 龍州柯 Lithocarpus longzhouicus
- 香菌柯 Lithocarpus lycoperdon
- 粉葉柯 Lithocarpus macilentus
- 黑家柯 Lithocarpus magneinii
- 光葉柯 Lithocarpus mairei
- 大葉柯 Lithocarpus megalophyllus
- 瀾滄柯 Lithocarpus mekongensis
- 黑柯 Lithocarpus melanochromus
- 緬寧柯 Lithocarpus mianningensis
- 小果柯 Lithocarpus microspermus
- 水仙柯 Lithocarpus naiadarum
- 南投柯 Lithocarpus nantoensis
- 光果柯 Lithocarpus nitidinux
- 峨眉柯 Lithocarpus oblanceolatus
- 墨脫柯 Lithocarpus obscurus C.C.Huang & Y.T.Chang, 1978
- 卵葉柯 Lithocarpus obovatilimbus Chun, 1947
- 欖葉柯 Lithocarpus oleifolius A.Camus, 1948
- Lithocarpus orbicarpus Strijk[4]
- 大葉苦柯 Lithocarpus paihengii
- 厚鱗柯 Lithocarpus pachylepis
- 厚葉柯 Lithocarpus pachyphyllus
- 滇南柯 Lithocarpus pakhaensis
- 圓錐柯 Lithocarpus paniculatus
- 石柯 Lithocarpus pasania
- 星毛柯 Lithocarpus petelotii
- 三柄果柯 Lithocarpus propinquus
- 單果柯 Lithocarpus pseudoreinwardtii
- 桂南柯 Lithocarpus phansipanensis
- 多穗柯 Lithocarpus polystachyus
- 毛果柯 Lithocarpus pseudovestitus
- 假西藏柯 Lithocarpus pseudoxizangensis
- 欽州柯 Lithocarpus qinzhouicus
- 櫟葉柯 Lithocarpus quercifolius
- 毛枝柯 Lithocarpus rhabdostachyus
- 南川柯 Lithocarpus rosthornii
- 浸水營柯 Lithocarpus shinsuiensis
- 犁耙柯 Lithocarpus silvicolarum
- 滑皮柯 Lithocarpus skanianus
- 球殼柯 Lithocarpus sphaerocarpus
- 平頭柯 Lithocarpus tabularis
- 菱果柯 Lithocarpus taitoensis
- 石屏柯 Lithocarpus talangensis
- 薄葉柯 Lithocarpus tenuilimbus
- 灰殼柯 Lithocarpus tephrocarpus
- 潞西柯 Lithocarpus thomsonii
- 糙果柯 Lithocarpus trachycarpus
- 棱果柯 Lithocarpus triqueter
- 截果柯 Lithocarpus truncatus
- 壺嘴柯 Lithocarpus tubulosus
- 紫玉盤柯 Lithocarpus uvariifolius
- 麻子殼柯 Lithocarpus variolosus
- 西藏柯 Lithocarpus xizangensis
- 木果柯 Lithocarpus xylocarpus
- 陽春柯 Lithocarpus yangchunensis
- 永福柯 Lithocarpus yongfuensis
參考文獻
外部連結
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