扁橢球體是極軸赤道圈直徑短的旋轉對稱橢球。極軸比赤道圈的直徑長的旋轉對稱橢球稱為長橢球體

扁橢球體可由橢圓繞其短軸旋轉而成,橢圓的長軸終點划過的曲線為扁橢球球體的赤道。與所有橢球體類似,扁橢球體可以由三個相互垂直的主軸來唯一表示,例如其兩個赤道半長軸,和半短軸

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