家白蟻屬

家白蟻屬
	台灣家白蟻（Coptotermes formosanus）
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	節肢動物門 Arthropoda
綱：	昆蟲綱 Insecta
目：	蜚蠊目 Blattodea
科：	鼻白蟻科 Rhinotermitidae
屬：	家白蟻屬 Coptotermes; Wasmann, 1896
種
	見正文
異名
	Arrhinotermes Wasmann, 1902; Vastitermes Sjöstedt, 1926;

家白蟻屬（Coptotermes）或稱乳白蟻屬，是白蟻中的一屬。其中包括了台灣家白蟻（Coptotermes formosanus）、格斯特家白蟻（Coptotermes gestroi）與大家白蟻（Coptotermes curvignathus）等物種。

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形態

兵蟻

頭卵形，前端明顯變狹，囟為大型孔口，位於頭前端，呈短管延出，狹於頭部，上顎細而彎曲，除基部的鋸形缺刻外，內緣光滑無齒，觸角13～17節，上唇尖吞形。前胸背板平坦，狹於頭部。

有翅成蟲

頭部寬卵形，後唇基極短而平，觸角18～25節。前胸背板扁平，狹於頭部。前翅鱗大於後翅鱗且覆蓋後翅鱗之上，翅脈有極淺淡的網狀紋，翅面具毛，前翅中脈由肩縫處獨立伸出，後翅中脈由脛分脈基部分出，中脈距肘脈極近。囟為於頭中部。

分布

Roonwal(1969)記錄該屬分布在東洋區有23種。至70年代，全世界範圍共48種。

重要入侵種

本屬中的台灣家白蟻（Coptotermes formosanus）及格斯特家白蟻（Coptptermes gestroi）為重要的世界入侵種，廣泛的入侵世界各地，入侵性極強，因此，許多文獻或相關報導指出家白蟻屬的物種入侵性極強，這點是錯誤的，事實上，家白蟻屬下的物種眾多（65種）^[1]，其中具有極強入侵性的台灣家白蟻及格斯特家白蟻只是其中兩種，該屬其他成員的入侵性極低^[1]。

語源學

Copto- 是cut的意思，Wasmann 在1896年命名時指出，由於這類白蟻兵蟻的前額（側面觀）有截斷的切面，而這個位置有明顯的額腺開口，所以用 Copto- 這個特徵來命名；而Termes 則是termite的意思^[2]。

下屬物種

本屬包括以下物種：^[3]

Coptotermes acinaciformis (Froggatt, 1898)
Coptotermes amanii (Sjöstedt, 1911)
Coptotermes amboinensis Kemner, 1931
Coptotermes bannaensis He & Xia, 1986
Coptotermes beckeri Chhotani & Mathur, 1969
Coptotermes bentongensis Krishna, 1956
Coptotermes boetonensis Kemner, 1934
Coptotermes brunneus Gay, 1955
Coptotermes ceylonicus Holmgren, 1911
Coptotermes changtaiensis He & Xia, 1986
朝鮮乳白蟻 Coptotermes chaoxianensis Li & Huang, 1985
Coptotermes cochlearus He & Xia, 1986
Coptotermes cooloola Lee, Evans, Cameron, Ho, Namyatova & Lo, 2017
Coptotermes crassus Snyder, 1922
Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren, 1913
Coptotermes cyclocoryphus Ma, Li & Zhu, 1984
Coptotermes dimorphus He & Xia, 1986
Coptotermes dobonicus Oshima, 1914
Coptotermes dreghorni Hill, 1942
Coptotermes elisae (Desneux, 1905)
Coptotermes emersoni Ahmad, 1953
台灣乳白蟻 Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, 1909
Coptotermes frenchi Hill, 1932
Coptotermes fumipennis (Walker, 1853)
Coptotermes gambrinus Roisin & Bourguignon, 2011
Coptotermes gaurii Krishna & Roonwal, 1955
格斯特家白蟻 Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann, 1896)
Coptotermes grandiceps Snyder, 1925
Coptotermes grandis Huang & Li, 1985
廣東乳白蟻 Coptotermes guangdongensis Ping, 1985
貴州乳白蟻 Coptotermes guizhouensis Qiu & He, 1992
Coptotermes gulangyuensis Huang & Li, 1986
海南乳白蟻 Coptotermes hainanensis Tsai & Li, 1985
Coptotermes heimi (Wasmann, 1902)
Coptotermes hekouensis He & Xia, 1986
Coptotermes hirsutus Grimaldi & Krishna, 2009
Coptotermes intermedius Silvestri, 1912
Coptotermes kalshoveni Kemner, 1934
Coptotermes kishori Chhotani & Roonwal, 1962
Coptotermes lacteus (Froggatt, 1898)
Coptotermes longignathus He & Xia, 1986
Coptotermes longistriatus Huang & Li, 1985
Coptotermes mauricianus (Rambur, 1842)
Coptotermes melanoistriatus He, Lau & Gao, 1995
Coptotermes menadoae Oshima, 1914
Coptotermes menadoensis Oshima, 1914
Coptotermes michaelseni Silvestri, 1909
Coptotermes minutissimus Kemner, 1934
Coptotermes monosetosus Li & Tsai, 1985
Coptotermes nanus Lee, Evans, Cameron, Ho, Namyatova & Lo, 2017
黑乳白蟻 Coptotermes niger Snyder, 1922
Coptotermes ochraceus Xu & Ping, 1986
Coptotermes oshimai Davis & Light, 1929
Coptotermes paleodominicanus Grimaldi & Krishna, 2009
Coptotermes pamuae Snyder, 1925
Coptotermes paradoxus (Sjöstedt, 1911)
Coptotermes peregrinator Kemner, 1934
Coptotermes premrasmii Ahmad, 1965
Coptotermes priscus Emerson, 1971
Coptotermes remotus Hill, 1927
Coptotermes sepangensis Krishna, 1956
Coptotermes shanghaiensis He & Xia, 1986
Coptotermes silvaticus Harris, 1968
Coptotermes sinabangensis Oshima, 1923
Coptotermes sjoestedti
Coptotermes sjostedti Holmgren, 1911
Coptotermes sucineus Emerson, 1971
蘇州乳白蟻 Coptotermes suzhouensis He & Xia, 1986
Coptotermes testaceus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Coptotermes travians (Haviland, 1898)
Coptotermes truncatus (Wasmann, 1897)
Coptotermes varicapitatus Li & Tsai, 1985
Coptotermes vastator Light, 1929

參考文獻

[1]
T H O M A S C H O U V E N C1, H O U- F E N G L I2, JA M E S AU S T I N3, C H R I S T I A N B O R D E R E AU4, T H O M A S B O U R G U I G N O N5,20, S T E P H E N L . C A M E RO N6, E L I A NA M. C A N C E L L O7, R E G I NA L D O C O N S TA N T I N O8, A NA M A R I A C O S TA - L E O NA R D O9, PAU L E G G L E TO N10, T H E O D O R E A . E VA N S11, B R I A N F O R S C H L E R12, J . K E N N E T H G R AC E13, C L A U D I A H U S S E N E D E R14, J A N K Rˇ ECˇ E K 1, C H OW - YA N G L E E15, T I M OT H Y L E E5, NAT H A N L O5, MAT T H E W M E S S E N G E R16, A A RO N M U L L I N S1, A L A I N RO B E RT17, Y V E S RO I S I N18, RU D O L F H . S C H E F F R A H N1, DAV I D S I L L A M- D U S SÈ S17,19, JA N Š O B OT NÍ K 20, A L L E N S Z A L A N S K I21, YO KO TA K E M AT S U22, E DWA R D L . VA R G O23, A K I N O R I YA M A DA24, T S U YO S H I YO S H I M U R A25 and N A N - YA O S U1. Revisiting Coptotermes (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae): a global taxonomic road map for species validity and distribution of an economically important subterranean termite genus. Systematic Entomology. 2016, (41): 299-306. doi:10.1111/syen.12157.
[2]
Hou-Feng Li. Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, 1909. 2013-11-06 [2018/VIII/01]. （原始內容存檔於2018-08-01）.
[3]
Coptotermes Wasmann, 1896. GBIF.

[:0-1] [1]
T H O M A S C H O U V E N C1, H O U- F E N G L I2, JA M E S AU S T I N3, C H R I S T I A N B O R D E R E AU4, T H O M A S B O U R G U I G N O N5,20, S T E P H E N L . C A M E RO N6, E L I A NA M. C A N C E L L O7, R E G I NA L D O C O N S TA N T I N O8, A NA M A R I A C O S TA - L E O NA R D O9, PAU L E G G L E TO N10, T H E O D O R E A . E VA N S11, B R I A N F O R S C H L E R12, J . K E N N E T H G R AC E13, C L A U D I A H U S S E N E D E R14, J A N K Rˇ ECˇ E K 1, C H OW - YA N G L E E15, T I M OT H Y L E E5, NAT H A N L O5, MAT T H E W M E S S E N G E R16, A A RO N M U L L I N S1, A L A I N RO B E RT17, Y V E S RO I S I N18, RU D O L F H . S C H E F F R A H N1, DAV I D S I L L A M- D U S SÈ S17,19, JA N Š O B OT NÍ K 20, A L L E N S Z A L A N S K I21, YO KO TA K E M AT S U22, E DWA R D L . VA R G O23, A K I N O R I YA M A DA24, T S U YO S H I YO S H I M U R A25 and N A N - YA O S U1. Revisiting Coptotermes (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae): a global taxonomic road map for species validity and distribution of an economically important subterranean termite genus. Systematic Entomology. 2016, (41): 299-306. doi:10.1111/syen.12157.

[2] [2]
Hou-Feng Li. Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, 1909. 2013-11-06 [2018/VIII/01]. （原始內容存檔於2018-08-01）.

[3] [3]
Coptotermes Wasmann, 1896. GBIF.

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