大區塊是運動預測的基本單位,一張完整的幀通常會被切割成幾個大區塊,MPEG-2和較早期的編解碼器定義大區塊都是8×8像素,現代的一點編解碼器像是H.263和H.264的大區塊通常都是16×16像素和相應區域內的Cb、Cr色差信號陣列共同組成。
大區塊為基準來選擇特定的預測類型,而非整個圖像都使用同樣的類型:
- I圖像(Intra pictures)只可含有節點大區塊。
- P圖像(Predictive pictures)可含有節點大區塊或預測大區塊 。
- B圖像(Bi-predictive pictures)可含有節點、預測和前後預測大區塊。
宏塊編碼
+------+------+-------+--------+-----+----+----+--------+ | ADDR | TYPE | QUANT | VECTOR | CBP | b0 | b1 | ... b5 | +------+------+-------+--------+-----+----+----+--------+
- ADDR:block在image的位址
- TYPE:宏塊的型別(intra-frame, inter frame、視訊壓縮圖像類型)
- QUANT:quantization value to vary quantization
- VECTOR:運動向量
- CBP:編碼後區塊樣式,some blocks in macroblock match well, some match poorly - this is bit mask indicating which one is present.
- bN:the blocks(4 Y, 1 Cr, 1 Cb)
較先進的解碼器可以隱藏一些型式上的影像殘缺,這類的技術被稱為error concealment,在消費性產品上則稱為MPEG Noise Reduction。[1]
注釋
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