大豬籠草

大豬籠草^[3]（學名：Nepenthes maxima）是一種廣布於蘇拉威西^[3]、新幾內亞^[3]和摩鹿加群島^[4]的熱帶食蟲植物。其也可能存在於沃沃尼島。^[5]

大豬籠草
產自蘇拉威西的大豬籠草上位籠，海拔約400米
保護狀況
無危（IUCN 2.3）
科學分類
界：	植物界 Plantae
演化支：	維管束植物 Tracheophyta
演化支：	被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支：	真雙子葉植物 Eudicots
目：	石竹目 Caryophyllales
科：	豬籠草科 Nepenthaceae
屬：	豬籠草屬 Nepenthes
種：	大豬籠草 N. maxima
二名法
Nepenthes maxima Reinw. ex Nees (1824)
異名
同物異名 Nepenthes boschiana auct. non Korth.: Becc. (1878) Nepenthes celebica Hook.f. (1873)[1] Nepenthes curtisii Mast. (1887)[2] Nepenthes curtisii var. superba Hort.Veitch ex Marshall (1889) Nepenthes dayana A.Truffaut ex M.J.Sallier (1894) nom.superfl. N. maxima × N. albomarginata Hort.Bednar (1987) Nepenthes oblanceolata Ridl. (1916) Nepenthes spectabilis auct. non Danser: Hort. ex Hort.Bednar (1987) 異物同名 Nepenthes maxima auct. non Reinw. ex Nees: Becc. (1886) [=N. boschiana/N. maxima/ N. stenophylla/N. sumatrana] Nepenthes maxima auct. non Reinw. ex Nees: Cheers (1992) [=N. northiana × N. maxima] 前林奈名 "Cantharifera alba" Rumph. (1750)

大豬籠草被歸入「大豬籠草系」中，其中還包括博世豬籠草（N. boschiana）、陳氏豬籠草（N. chaniana）、附生豬籠草（N. epiphytica）、艾瑪豬籠草、法薩豬籠草（N. faizaliana）、暗色豬籠草（N. fusca）、扎克里豬籠草（N. zakriana ）、N. dactylifera 、克洛斯豬籠草（N. klossii）、寬唇豬籠草（N. platychila）、窄葉豬籠草（N. stenophylla）、柔毛豬籠草(N. mollis) 和佛氏豬籠草（N. vogelii）。^[6]

常見於蘇拉威西的某些變型常具有明顯波浪狀的葉片。^[4][7]個別極端個體的葉片翼即使下延至下部整個節間，但其仍可能呈高度波浪狀。^[8]這種波浪狀的葉片是由於葉緣細胞生長造成的，由於其葉片質薄，從而導致其葉片呈波浪狀以降低其應力勢能。^[9]

雖然柯蒂斯豬籠草（N. curtisii）為該物種的異名，但其也被用於指代其他許多栽培種。

形態特徵

大豬籠草捕蟲籠的形態特徵多變。捕蟲籠可為純綠色或帶斑點，少數斑點眾多，幾乎為黑色。不同變型的唇也存在差異，產自新幾內亞的變型其唇較寬。^[3]

產於蘇拉威西的大豬籠草上位籠，其生長的海拔高度從左至右一至三為400米、四至五為700米

產於新幾內亞的大豬籠草上位籠，其生長的海拔高度從左至右分別為1500米、1600米、1700米、2300米和2600米

種下類群

• Nepenthes maxima f. undulata Sh.Kurata (1985)
• Nepenthes maxima var. glabrata Becc. in sched. nom.nud.
• Nepenthes maxima var. lowii (Hook.f.) Becc. (1886) [=N. stenophylla]
• Nepenthes maxima var. minor Macf. (1917)
• Nepenthes maxima var. sumatrana (Miq.) Becc. (1886) [=N. sumatrana]
• Nepenthes maxima var. superba (Hort.Veitch ex Marshall) Veitch (1897)

2009年，一種產自婆娑湖的栽培品種被命名為婆娑湖大豬籠草（Nepenthes maxima『Lake Poso』）^[10]，也就是當前園藝市場上廣為流通的「迷你大豬籠草」。

自然雜交種

• ? N. eymae × N. maxima^[4]
• N. glabrata × N. maxima^[4]
• N. klossii × N. maxima^[10]
• N. maxima × N. neoguineensis^[4]
• N. maxima × N. tentaculata^[11]

• 
  無毛豬籠草與大豬籠草的疑似自然雜交種
• 
  克洛斯豬籠草與大豬籠草的自然雜交種
• 
  大豬籠草與新幾內亞豬籠草的自然雜交種

參考文獻

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擴展閱讀

• Nepenthes maxima from Celebes go international
• 食蟲植物照片搜尋引擎中大豬籠草的照片（頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）

維基共享資源上的相關多媒體資源：馬普魯山豬籠草 維基物種上的相關資訊：馬普魯山豬籠草