大型火成岩區域

大型火成岩區（英語：Large igneous province，LIP）^[1]，也譯作大火成岩省^[2]，是在地殼中規模巨大的火成岩的堆積，包括侵入或噴出（英語：entrusive）。1992年，研究者首次用此術語描述面積大於100,000平方千米的火成岩堆積（略大於葡萄牙）—在幾百萬年甚至更短的地質時間間隔內，發生基性火成岩噴出或深處侵入^[3]。基性的玄武岩海床與其他正常的板塊構造的地質結果不屬於大型火成岩區域^[4]。

全球地質區域（資料出自USGS）

地盾   陸台   造山帶   盆地   大型火成岩區   正在擴張的地殼

海洋地殼年齡:   0–20百萬年   20–65百萬年   >65百萬年

現在，大型火成岩區域的外延不僅包括基性，也包括各類型的火成岩大面積累積。可細分為「大型火山岩區域」（large volcanic provinces，LVP）與「大型深成岩區域」（large plutonic provinces，LPP）^[5]。

大型火成岩區域基本上是地幔熱柱升至地殼的結果^[6]。

某些大型火成岩區域現在還很完整，如印度的德干暗色岩；其他大型火成岩區域被板塊構造運動所肢解，如中大西洋火成岩區域（英語：Central Atlantic Magmatic Province）（CAMP）分布在巴西、北美東部、西北非。

參見

• 火成岩
• 地質區域（英語：Geologic province）
• 地幔熱柱
• 地質熱點
• 岩石圈
• 海底高原
• 造山運動
• 橄欖岩
• 深成岩體（英語：Pluton）
• 俯衝帶
• 超級火山
• 溢流玄武岩（英語：Flood basalt）
• 火山型被動邊緣（英語：Volcanic passive margin）

參考文獻

1. Christie-Blick, N., 曹懿麒. Eruptions and extinctions（噴發與滅絕）^{[永久失效連結]}. 岩礦世界, 1998-10-30
2. 侯增謙,盧記仁,汪雲亮,夏林圻,李紅陽,國連傑.1999.峨眉火成岩省：結構、成因與特色 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）[J].地質論評,45(7):885-891
3. Coffin, M; Eldholm, O. Volcanism and continental break-up: a global compilation of large igneous provinces. Storey, B.C., Alabaster, T., Pankhurst, R.J. (編). Magmatism and the Causes of Continental Breakup. Special Publication 68. London: Geological Society of London. 1992: 17–30. Bibcode:1992GSLSP..68...17C. doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.068.01.02. |journal=被忽略 (幫助)
4. Bryan, Scott; Ernst, Richard. Proposed Revision to Large Igneous Province Classification. 2007 [2014-05-11]. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2007.08.008. （原始內容存檔於2019-04-05）.
5. Sheth, Hetu C. 'Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs)': Definition, recommended terminology, and a hierarchical classification (PDF). Earth-Science Reviews. 2007, 85 (3–4): 117–124 [2014-05-11]. Bibcode:2007ESRv...85..117S. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2007.07.005. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2018-01-06）.
6. Foulger, G.R. Plates vs. Plumes: A Geological Controversy. Wiley-Blackwell. 2010 [2014-05-11]. ISBN 978-1-4051-6148-0. （原始內容存檔於2017-11-25）.

相關閱讀

• Anderson, Don L. Large igneous provinces, delammination, and fertile mantle. Elements. December 2005, 1 (5): 271–275. doi:10.2113/gselements.1.5.271.
• Baragar, WRA; Ernst, R.E.; Hulbert, L.; Peterson, T. Longitudinal petrochemical variation in the Mackenzie dyke swarm, northwestern Canadian Shield. J. Petrol. 1996, 37 (2): 317–359. doi:10.1093/petrology/37.2.317.
• Campbell, IH. Large igneous provinces and the plume hypothesis. Elements. December 2005, 1 (5): 265–269. doi:10.2113/gselements.1.5.265.
• Coffin, M; Eldholm, O. Volcanism and continental break-up: a global compilation of large igneous provinces. Storey, B.C., Alabaster, T., Pankhurst, R.J. (編). Magmatism and the Causes of Continental Breakup. Special Publication 68. London: Geological Society of London. 1992: 17–30. Bibcode:1992GSLSP..68...17C. doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.068.01.02. |journal=被忽略 (幫助)
• Cohen, B.; Vasconcelos, P.M.D.; Knesel, K. M. Tertiary magmatism in Southeast Queensland. 17th Australian Geological Convention, 8–13 February 2004, held in Hobart, Tasmania. Geological Society of Australia. 2004: 256–256. |journal=被忽略 (幫助)
• Ernst, R.E.; Buchan, K.L.; Campbell, I.H. Frontiers in Large Igneous Province Research. A. Kerr, R. England, and P. Wignall (編). Mantle Plumes: Physical Processes, Chemical Signatures, Biological Effects 79. February 2005: 271–297. Bibcode:2005Litho..79..271E. doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2004.09.004. |journal=被忽略 (幫助); |issue=被忽略 (幫助)
• Large Igneous Provinces Commission: Large Igneous Provinces Record. International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior. [2014-05-11]. （原始內容存檔於2007-11-08）.
• Jones, AP. Meteor impacts as triggers to large igneous provinces. Elements. December 2005, 1 (5): 277–281. doi:10.2113/gselements.1.5.277.
• Marsh, JS; Hooper, PR; Rehacek, J; Duncan, RA; Duncan, AR. Stratigraphy and age of Karoo basalts of Lesotho and implications for correlations within the Karoo igneous province. Mahoney JJ and Coffin MF (編). Large Igneous Provinces: continental, oceanic, and planetary flood volcanism. Geophysical Monograph 100. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union. 1997: 247–272. ISBN 0-87590-082-8.
• Peate, DW. The Parana-Etendeka Province. Mahoney JJ and Coffin MF (編). Large Igneous Provinces: continental, oceanic, and planetary flood volcanism. Geophysical Monograph 100. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union. 1997: 247–272. ISBN 0-87590-082-8.
• Ratajeski, K. The Cretaceous Superplume. 25 November 2005 [2014-05-11]. （原始內容存檔於2008-12-04）.
• Ritsema, J.; van Heijst, H.J.; Woodhouse, J.H. Complex shear wave velocity structure imaged beneath Africa and Iceland. Science. 1999, 286 (5446): 1925–1928. PMID 10583949. doi:10.1126/science.286.5446.1925.
• Saunders, AD. Large igneous provinces: origin and environmental consequences. Elements. December 2005, 1 (5): 259–263. doi:10.2113/gselements.1.5.259.
• Segev, A. Flood basalts, continental breakup and the dispersal of Gondwana: evidence for periodic migration of upwelling mantle flows (plumes) (PDF). EGU Stephan Mueller Special Publication Series. 2002, 2: 171–191 [5 August 2010]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2011-07-24）.
• Wignall, P. The link between large igneous provinces eruptions and mass extinctions. Elements. December 2005, 1 (5): 293–297. doi:10.2113/gselements.1.5.293.

外部連結

• Large Igneous Provinces Commission（頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
• MantlePlumes.org（頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）