夜驚

夜驚
Night terror
夜驚; Night terror
又稱	Sleep terror, pavor nocturnus
分類和外部資源
醫學專科	精神病學
ICD-11	7B00.2
ICD-10	F51.4
MedlinePlus	000809
	[編輯此條目的維基數據]

夜驚（英語：night terror、sleep terror），又稱睡眠恐慌，指在睡眠中突然驚醒，伴有尖叫或哭喊，感覺極度恐慌或驚懼。夜驚常發生於非快速眼動睡眠（NREM）第三、第四期的開始時段^[1]持續1到10分鐘^[2]。發作後約一至兩分鐘，又復入睡，隔天則不知何事。常見於兒童，其中男童又略多於女童。

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在國際睡眠障礙分類中，夜驚被分在NREM有關的異睡症中^[3]。兒童夜驚發作持續時間可能更長^[2]隨年齡增長發作發作頻率降低^[2]導致夜驚的因素有年齡小、睡眠剝奪、藥物、壓力、發熱和固有的睡眠障礙等^[4]發作的頻率和嚴重性因人而異，間歇期可以從幾周到幾分鐘不等。^[5]於是有的時候會和噩夢相混淆，但後者一般可以記起夢的內容，而夜驚發生在NREM期，和夢無關^[6]

夜驚常發生於從短波睡眠中醒來時^[7]^[6]因此短波睡眠比較多的人更容易發生夜驚，但有時夜驚也發生在白天打盹時^[5]

軍隊中也常見有夜驚，軍旅生活緊張，突有聲響就會發生全營動亂，洪邁《容齋隨筆》卷二：「周亞夫距吳、楚，堅壁不出。軍中夜驚，內相攻擊擾亂，至於帳下。亞夫堅臥不起，頃之，復定。」

睡眠障礙
夢魘
夢遊
收驚
厄菲阿爾特症（英語：Ephialtes (illness)）
睡眠癱瘓症
恐懼和恐怖（英語：Horror and terror）

[1]
Hockenbury, Don H. Hockenbury, Sandra E. Discovering psychology 5th. New York: Worth Publishers. 2010: 157. ISBN 978-1-4292-1650-0.
[2]
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th. American Psychiatric Association. May 22, 2013. ISBN 978-0890425558. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.
[3]
Sateia, Michael J. International Classification of Sleep Disorders-Third Edition. Chest. November 2014, 146 (5): 1387–1394. PMID 25367475. doi:10.1378/chest.14-0970.
[4]
Mason, T. B. A.; Pack, A. I. Pediatric Parasomnias. Sleep. 2007, 30 (2): 141–151. PMID 17326539. doi:10.1093/sleep/30.2.141 .
[5]
DSM-IV-TR: diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 4th. American Psychiatric Press. 2000. ISBN 978-0-89042-025-6.^{[頁碼請求]}
[6]
Szelenberger, Waldemar; Niemcewicz, Szymon; Dąbrowska, Anna Justyna. Sleepwalking and night terrors: Psychopathological and psychophysiological correlates. International Review of Psychiatry. 2009, 17 (4): 263–70. PMID 16194798. S2CID 28776384. doi:10.1080/09540260500104573.
[7]
Bjorvatn, Bjørn; Grønli, Janne; Pallesen, Ståle. Prevalence of different parasomnias in the general population. Sleep Medicine. 2010, 11 (10): 1031–4. PMID 21093361. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2010.07.011.

[1] [1]
Hockenbury, Don H. Hockenbury, Sandra E. Discovering psychology 5th. New York: Worth Publishers. 2010: 157. ISBN 978-1-4292-1650-0.

[:2-2] [2]
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th. American Psychiatric Association. May 22, 2013. ISBN 978-0890425558. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.

[:1-3] [3]
Sateia, Michael J. International Classification of Sleep Disorders-Third Edition. Chest. November 2014, 146 (5): 1387–1394. PMID 25367475. doi:10.1378/chest.14-0970.

[4] [4]
Mason, T. B. A.; Pack, A. I. Pediatric Parasomnias. Sleep. 2007, 30 (2): 141–151. PMID 17326539. doi:10.1093/sleep/30.2.141 .

[DSM-5] [5]
DSM-IV-TR: diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 4th. American Psychiatric Press. 2000. ISBN 978-0-89042-025-6.^{[頁碼請求]}

[Szelenberger-6] [6]
Szelenberger, Waldemar; Niemcewicz, Szymon; Dąbrowska, Anna Justyna. Sleepwalking and night terrors: Psychopathological and psychophysiological correlates. International Review of Psychiatry. 2009, 17 (4): 263–70. PMID 16194798. S2CID 28776384. doi:10.1080/09540260500104573.

[Bjorvatn-7] [7]
Bjorvatn, Bjørn; Grønli, Janne; Pallesen, Ståle. Prevalence of different parasomnias in the general population. Sleep Medicine. 2010, 11 (10): 1031–4. PMID 21093361. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2010.07.011.

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夜驚

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