杓蘭屬(學名:Cypripedium)是蘭科的一,是一類地生草本植物直立,葉片通常橢圓形至卵形,有時有黑紫色斑點。花序頂生,通常具單花或少數具2-3花;花苞片通常葉狀;花朵較大;唇瓣為深囊狀,球形、橢圓形或其他形狀,一般有寬闊的囊口;有2枚側生的能育雄蕊、1枚位於上方的退化雄蕊和1個位於下方的柱頭;花葯2室,花絲很短;退化雄蕊通常為扁平狀;柱頭肥厚,表面有乳突。果實為蒴果。全屬約50種,主要產於東亞北美歐洲溫帶地區和亞熱帶山地。大部分可作觀賞植物[1]

Quick Facts 杓蘭屬, 科學分類 ...
杓蘭屬
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皇后杓蘭
Cypripedium reginae
科學分類 編輯
界: 植物界 Plantae
演化支 維管束植物 Tracheophyta
演化支 被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支 單子葉植物 Monocots
目: 天門冬目 Asparagales
科: 蘭科 Orchidaceae
亞科: 杓蘭亞科 Cypripedioideae
族: 杓蘭族 Cypripedieae
亞族: 杓蘭亞族 Cypripediinae
屬: 杓蘭屬 Cypripedium
L.,1753
模式種
杓蘭 Cypripedium calceolus
L., 1753
異名
  • Arietinum Beck
  • Calceolaria Heist. ex Fabr.不要與Calceolaria蒲包花屬)混淆 L.
  • Calceolus Mill.
  • Ciripedium Zumagl.
  • Criogenes Salisb.
  • Criosanthes Raf.
  • Cypripedilon St.-Lag. in A.Cariot
  • Fissipes Small
  • Hypodema Rchb.
  • Sacodon Raf.
  • Schizopedium Salisb.
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Cypripedium calceolus
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Cypripedium reginae

下屬物種

本屬包括以下物種:

  • Cypripedium acaule – Mocassin flower, Pink lady's slipper, Two-leaved lady's slipper (C. and E. Canada, NC & E USA)
  • Cypripedium arietinum – Ram's-head lady's slipper (C & E Canada, NC & NE USA)
  • 無苞杓蘭 Cypripedium bardolphianum – (中國)
  • 杓蘭 Cypripedium calceolus – Yellow lady's slipper (歐洲至日本)
  • Cypripedium calcicolum – (中國)
  • Cypripedium californicum – California lady's slipper (Oregon, N. California)
  • Cypripedium candidum – Small white lady slipper (SE Canada, NC & E USA)
  • 白唇杓蘭 Cypripedium cordigerum – Heart-Lip lady's slipper (N Pakistan to Himalaya, S Tibet)
  • Cypripedium daweishanense (S.C.Chen & Z.J.Liu) S.C.Chen & Z.J.Liu (2005) – (Yunnan, China South-Central)
  • 對葉杓蘭 Cypripedium debile – Frail lady's slipper (Japan, Taiwan, China)
  • Cypripedium dickinsonianum – (Mexico (S Chiapas) to Guatemala)
  • 雅致杓蘭 Cypripedium elegans – (尼泊爾東部至中國)
  • 毛瓣杓蘭 Cypripedium fargesii – (中國)
  • 華西杓蘭 Cypripedium farreri – (中國)
  • Cypripedium fasciculatum – Brownie lady's slipper, Clustered lady's slipper (美國西部)
  • 大葉杓蘭 Cypripedium fasciolatum (中國)
  • 黃花杓蘭 Cypripedium flavum – Yellow lady's slipper (SE Tibet, SC China)
  • 台灣杓蘭 Cypripedium formosanum – Formosa lady's slipper (C 台灣)
  • 玉龍杓蘭 Cypripedium forrestii – (中國)
  • 毛杓蘭 Cypripedium franchetii – Franchet's lady's slipper (C & SC China)
  • Cypripedium froschii – (中國)
  • 紫點杓蘭 Cypripedium guttatum – Spotted lady's slipper (European Russia to Korea, Alaska to Yukon)
  • 綠花杓蘭 Cypripedium henryi – Henry's lady's slipper (C China)
  • Cypripedium x herae – (C.parviflorum x C.reginae) (Manitoba, Canada)
  • 高山杓蘭 Cypripedium himalaicum – (SE Tibet to Himalaya)
  • Cypripedium irapeanum – Pelican Orchid, Irapeao lady's slipper (Mexico to Honduras)
  • 扇脈杓蘭 Cypripedium japonicum – Japan lady's slipper (China, Korea, Japan)
  • 肯塔基杓蘭 Cypripedium kentuckiense – Kentucky lady's slipper, Southern lady's slipper (C & E USA)
  • Cypripedium lentiginosum – (中國)
  • 麗江杓蘭 Cypripedium lichiangense S.C.Chen & P.J.Cribb – (China (SW Sichuan, NW Yunnan), NE Myanmar)
  • 波密杓蘭 Cypripedium ludlowii – (西藏東南部)
  • 大花杓蘭 Cypripedium macranthos – Large-flowered lady's slipper (E Belarus to temperate E Asia)
  • Cypripedium malipoense S.C.Chen & Z.J.Liu – (雲南,華南)
  • 斑葉杓蘭 Cypripedium margaritaceum – Pearl-white lady's slipper (China)
  • 小花杓蘭 Cypripedium micranthum – (中國)
  • Cypripedium molle – (Mexico)
  • Cypripedium montanum – Large lady's slipper, Mountain lady's slipper, White lady's slipper, Moccasin flower (Alaska to California)
  • 巴郎山杓蘭 Cypripedium palangshanense – (中國)
  • Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. – (Greater) yellow lady's slipper, moccasin flower, or hairy yellow ladyslipper (Canada, E USA)
  • Cypripedium passerinum – Franklyn's lady's slipper, small white Northern lady's slipper, sparrow's egg lady's slipper (Alaska to Canada, Montana)
  • 離萼杓蘭 Cypripedium plectrochilum – (N Myanmar to SC China)
  • 皇后杓蘭 Cypripedium reginae Walter – Large white lady's slipper, Queen's lady's slipper, showy lady's slipper (C & E Canada, E. USA)
  • 寶島杓蘭 Cypripedium segawai – (EC Taiwan)
  • 山西杓蘭 Cypripedium shanxiense – (中國到日本北部)
  • 四川杓蘭 Cypripedium sichuanense – (中國)
  • 暖地杓蘭 Cypripedium subtropicum – (西藏東南部)
  • Cypripedium taibaiense – (中國)
  • 西藏杓蘭 Cypripedium tibeticum – (Sikkim to C China)
  • 寬口杓蘭 Cypripedium wardii Rolfe, 1913 – (中國西藏東南部)
  • 烏蒙杓蘭 Cypripedium wumengense S.C.Chen, 1985 – (中國)
  • Cypripedium yatabeanum Makino, 1899 – (Russian Far East to N & NC Japan, Aleutian Islands to SW Alaska)
  • 雲南杓蘭 Cypripedium yunnanense – (中國西藏東南部)
雜交種:
  • Cypripedium × alaskanum – (C. guttatum × C. yatabeanum; Alaska)
  • Cypripedium × andrewsii – (C. candidum × C. parviflorum var. pubescens) (E Canada, NC & NE USA)
  • Cypripedium × catherinae – (C. macranthon × C. shanxiense; Russian Far East)
  • Cypripedium × columbianum – (C. montanum × C. parviflorum var. pubescens; W Canada, NW USA)
  • Cypripedium × fred-mulleri Szlach., Kolan. & Górniak[2]
  • Cypripedium × ventricosum – (俄羅斯到朝鮮)
  • Cypripedium × wenqingiae – (C. farreri × C. tibeticum; China)
栽培種:
  • '白多花'杓蘭 Cypripedium 'Multiflower white'
  • '黃多花'杓蘭 Cypripedium 'Multiflower Yellow'
  • '帕爾維'杓蘭 Cypripedium 'Parville'
  • '普韋布洛'杓蘭 Cypripedium 'Pueblo'
  • '白花'皇后杓蘭 Cypripedium reginae 'Album'
  • '沃爾特'黃花杓蘭 Cypripedium reginae 'Walter'
  • '薩賓'杓蘭 Cypripedium 'Sabine'

參考資料

外部連結

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