古鯨

古鯨小目（學名：Archaeoceti）也作原鯨小目，即古代鯨魚，包括現代鯨魚的祖先。古鯨小目是鯨下目三個小目之一，傳統上用以概括史前鯨豚類，但不包括其存活至現代的後代，因此，這是一個並系群分類，不是自然的演化支。古鯨擁有後肢，不像今日的鯨類。最早的古鯨可能完全在陸地上活動。其滅絕原因至今眾說紛紜，其中一種解釋是由於氣候變化，海洋變得過份寒冷，造成古鯨類滅絕。

古鯨小目 化石時期：始新世至中新世 PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
巴基鯨（上）與走鯨（下）的骨骼模擬
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	脊索動物門 Chordata
綱：	哺乳綱 Mammalia
目：	偶蹄目 Artiodactyla
下目：	鯨下目 Cetacea
並系群：	†古鯨類 Archaeoceti Flower（英語：William Henry Flower）, 1833
傳統分類中包含的子類群
†巴基鯨科 Pakicetidae †步鯨科 Ambulocetidae †雷明頓鯨科 Remingtonocetidae †原鯨科 Protocetidae †龍王鯨科 Basilosauridae †矛齒鯨科 Dorudontidae
傳統分類中未包含，但在 演化層面上包含的演化支
鬚鯨小目 Mysticeti 齒鯨小目 Odontoceti

辛西婭鯨（左）與走鯨（右）的骨骼

東京國立科學博物館展示的庫奇鯨骨骼

華聖頓史密森尼博物館展示的軛根鯨骨骼

撒格哈鯨的骨骼

分類

• 古鯨小目 Archaeoceti Flower, 1833
  • 巴基鯨科 Pakicetidae Gingerich e Russell, 1990
    • 巴基鯨 Pakicetus Gingerich e Russell, 1981
    • 娜拉鯨 Nalacetus Thewissen e Hussain, 1998
    • 魚中獸 Ichthyolestes Dehm e Oettingen-Spilberg, 1958
  • 步鯨科 Ambulocetidae Thewissen, Madar e Hussain, 1996
    • 走鯨 Ambulocetus Thewissen, Hussain e Arif, 1994
    • 甘達克鯨 Gandakasia Dehm e Oettingen-Spilberg, 1958
    • 喜馬拉雅鯨 Himalayacetus Bajpai e Gingerich, 1998
  • 雷明頓鯨科 Remingtonocetidae Kumar e Sahni, 1986
    • 安德魯斯鯨 Andrewsiphius Sahni e Mishra, 1975
    • 雷明頓鯨 Remingtonocetus Kumar e Sahni, 1986
    • 大連特鯨 Dalanistes Gingerich, Arif e Clyde, 1995
    • 阿托克鯨 Attockicetus Thewissen e Hussain, 2000
    • 庫奇鯨 Kutchicetus Bajpai e Thewissen, 2000
    • Rayanistes Bebej, Zalmout, El-Aziz, Antar, and Gingerich, 2016
  • 原鯨科 Protocetidae Stromer, 1908
    • 埃及鯨屬 Aegyptocetus Bianucci & Gingerich 2011
      • 埃及鯨 Aegyptocetus tarfa Bianucci & Gingerich 2011^[1]
    • Tupelocetus
    • 原鯨亞科 Protocetinae Gingerich et al. 2005)
      • 熊神鯨 Artiocetus Gingerich, ul Haq, Zalmout, Khan & Malkani, 2001
      • 圓齒鯨 Crenatocetus McLeod & Barnes 2008
      • Dhedacetus Bajpai and Thewissen, 2014
      • 加氏鯨 Gaviacetus Gingerich, Arif e Clye, 1995
      • 印支鯨 Indocetus Sahni e Mishra, 1975
      • Kharodacetus Bajpai and Thewissen, 2014
      • 慈母鯨 Maiacetus Gingerich et al., 2009
      • 原鯨 Protocetus Fraas, 1904
      • 喬丹斯鯨 Qaisracetus Gingerich,Ul-Haq, Khan e Zalmout, 2001
      • 羅德侯鯨 Rodhocetus Gingerich, Raza, Arif, Anwar e Zhou, 1994
      • 泰卡鯨 Takracetus Gingerich, Arif e Clyde, 1995
      • 多哥鯨 Togocetus Gingerich & Cappetta 2014
      • Peregocetus Lambert et al., 2019
    • 麥卡鯨亞科 Makaracetinae P. D. Gingerich et al. 2005
      • 麥卡鯨 Makaracetus P. D. Gingerich et al. 2005
    • 喬治亞鯨亞科 Georgiacetinae Gingerich et al., 2005
      • 巴比亞鯨 Babiacetus Trivedy e Satsangi, 1984
      • 卡羅萊鯨 CarolinacetusGeisler et al. 2005
      • 始原鯨 Eocetus Fraas, 1904
      • 喬治亞鯨 Georgiacetus Hulbert, Petkewich, Bishop, Bukry e Aleshire, 1998
      • 那支特鯨 Natchitochia Uhen, 1998
      • 帕坡氏鯨 Pappocetus Andrews, 1920
      • Pontobasileus Leidy 1873
  • 龍王鯨科 Basilosauridae Cope, 1868
    • 龍王鯨亞科 Basilosaurinae Cope, 1868
      • 帝王鯨 Basilotritus Goldin & Zvonok 2013
      • 龍王鯨 Basilosaurus Harlan, 1834
      • 王鯨 Basiloterus Gingerich, Arif, Bhatti, Anwar e Sanders, 1997
      • Eocetus Fraas, 1904
      • Platyosphys Kellogg, 1936
  • 矛齒鯨科 Dorudontidae (Miller, 1923)
    • 矛齒鯨亞科 Dorudontinae Miller, 1923
      • 彎臂鯨 Ancalecetus Gingerich e Uhen, 1996
      • 金原鯨 Chrysocetus Uhen e Gingerich, 2001
      • 辛西婭鯨 Cynthiacetus Uhen, 2005
      • 矛齒鯨 Dorudon Gibbes, 1845
      • 奧庫卡赫鯨 Ocucajea Uhen et al. 2011
      • 海鄉鯨 Pontogeneus Leidy, 1852
      • 施特羅默鯨 Stromerius Gingerich, 2007
      • 撒格哈鯨屬（英語：Saghacetus） Saghacetus Gingerich, 1992
      • 死神鯨 Supayacetus Uhen et al. 2011
      • 軛根鯨 Zygorhiza True, 1904

種系發生學

鯨形類   †勞氏獸科 Raoellidae   鯨下目   †巴基鯨科 Pakicetidae       †步鯨科 Ambulocetidae       †雷明頓鯨科 Remingtonocetidae       †原鯨科 Protocetidae       †龍王鯨科 Basilosauridae       †矛齒鯨科 Dorudontidae       齒鯨小目 Odontoceti     鬚鯨小目 Mysticeti               Cetacea Cetaceomorpha

†古鯨小目 Archaeoceti

地質時期

各類古鯨的化石所在地質時期

參考文獻

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外部連結

• Archaeoceti

1. Giovanni Bianucci and Philip D. Gingerich. 2011. Aegyptocetus tarfa, n. gen. et sp. (Mammalia, Cetacea), from the Middle Eocene of Egypt: Clinorhynchy, Olfaction, and Hearing in a Protocetid Whale. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 31(6); 1173–1188. DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2011.607985