冀縣,中國歷史記載最早的,在今甘肅省天水市甘谷縣境內。

秦武公十年(前688年),「伐邽、冀戎,初縣之[1]」,此處的、冀與一年後置的是中國最早有記載的縣。當時,郡縣制尚不成熟。現代學者周振鶴認為「初縣之」,是「縣鄙之地」。不同觀點認為,「初縣之」是縣鄙之縣向縣邑之縣轉化過程中的「縣邑之縣」[2]西漢武帝時屬天水郡,王莽時曾改名冀治[3]

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