促甲狀腺激素受體（英語：thyrotropin receptor，TSH receptor，TSHR）又稱甲促素受體，是一種接受促甲狀腺激素（甲促素，thyrotropin）信號，刺激細胞生成甲狀腺激素（T4）和三碘甲狀腺激素（T3）的跨膜受體。TSHR是整合膜蛋白中G蛋白偶聯受體超家族的一員[1]，與Gs蛋白偶合[2]。
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該受體主要出現在甲狀腺上皮細胞的表面。
在結合血循的TSH後，G蛋白信號級聯反應會激活腺苷酸環化酶（adenylyl cyclase）進而使胞內環腺苷酸（cAMP）濃度升高。環腺苷酸可活化甲狀腺細胞各功能層面，包括：碘泵運，甲狀腺球蛋白的合成、碘化、胞吞和蛋白酶解，甲狀腺過氧化物酶活性，以及甲狀腺激素釋放。
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