《宮女》（西班牙語：Las Meninas），是西班牙黃金時代畫家委拉斯開茲在1656年創作的一幅畫作，現收藏於馬德里的普拉多博物館。此作品帶有複雜且難解的構圖，引起了關於實景與虛景的難題；並建構了觀察者與畫中人物間的不穩定關係。由於這些複雜性，《宮女》是西方繪畫中經歷最多分析與研究的作品之一。
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《宮女》長期以來是西洋美術史上的重要作品，巴洛克時期畫家盧卡·焦爾達諾曾說此作品表現了「繪畫的神學」；19世紀的畫家托馬斯·勞倫斯則稱其為「藝術的哲學」；此外，《宮女》也曾被描述成「委拉斯開茲的最高成就[1]。」
《宮女》描繪的大房間位於國王西班牙菲利普四世的馬德里王宮內，畫中所描繪之人物為西班牙宮廷內成員，畫面的擷取方式有如快照攝影[2]。部分人物面向觀畫者，有些則正在與其他人物互動。在畫面中心，宮女、護衛、一名侏儒與一隻狗所環繞的小女孩是瑪加麗塔·特蕾莎，腓力四世之女。在這些人的後方，則是面向觀畫者的畫家委拉斯開茲[3]。背景中懸吊的鏡子反映出國王與瑪麗亞納王后的上半身，他們處在畫作所描繪的空間之外，相當於觀畫者的位置。有些學者指出，若依此鏡像來推測，畫中的維拉斯奎茲正在描繪的就是國王與王后。
這幅作品光暗分明，灰中含仔細。鏡中的國王、王后，以及門口的人，造成前後申延。可見固定視點，但可申延。畫家戴上十字架在身，是他死後，後人為其加上去的。
Honour and Fleming (1982), p. 447.
In 1855, William Stirling wrote in Velázquez and his works: "Velázquez seems to have anticipated the discovery of Daguerre and, taking a real room and real people grouped together by chance, to have fixed them, as it were, by magic, for all time, on canvas". López-Rey (1999), Vol. I, p. 211.
- Alpers, Svetlana. The Vexations of art: Velázquez and others. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005. ISBN 0-300-10825-7
- Brady, Xavier. Velázquez and Britain. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. ISBN 1-8570-0303-8
- Brooke, Xanthe and Suzanne Stratton-Pruitt, eds. "A masterpiece in waiting: the response to 'Las Meninas' in nineteenth century Britain". Masterpieces of western art: Velazquez's 'Las Meninas'. London: Cambridge University Press, 2003, pp. 47–49. ISBN 0-521-80488-4
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- Foucault, Michel. The order of things: an archaeology of the human sciences. 1966. Paris: Gallimard, 1996. ISBN 0-679-75335-4
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- Honour, Hugh and John Fleming. A world history of art. London: Macmillan, 1982. ISBN 1-85669-451-8
- Janson, H. W. History of art: a survey of the major visual arts from the dawn of history to the present day. 2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1977.
- Kahr, Madlyn Millner. "Velazquez and Las Meninas（頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）". The Art Bulletin 57(2) (June 1975): 225.
- López-Rey, José. Velázquez: Catalogue Raisonné. Taschen, 1999. ISBN 3-8228-8277-1
- MacLaren, Neil. The Spanish School, National Gallery Catalogues. Rev. Allan Braham. National Gallery, London, 1970. ISBN 0-947645-46-2
- Miller, Jonathan. On reflection. London: National Gallery Publications Limited, 1998. ISBN 0-300-07713-0
- Museo del Prado. Museo del Prado, Catálogo de las pinturas. Madrid: Ministerio de Educación y Cultura, Madrid, 1996. ISBN 84-7483-410-4
- Russell, John. "Masterpieces caught between two wars（頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）". New York Times, 3 September 1989. Retrieved 15 December 2007.
- Searle, John R. "Las Meninas and the paradoxes of pictorial representation". Critical Inquiry 6 (Spring 1980).
- Snyder, Joel and Ted Cohen. "Reflexions on Las Meninas: paradox lost". Critical Inquiry 6 (Spring 1980).
- Stone, Harriet. The classical model: literature and knowledge in seventeenth-century France. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1996. ISBN 0-8014-3212-X
- Stratton-Pruitt, Suzanne, ed. Velazquez's 'Las Meninas'. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. ISBN 0-521-80488-4
- White, Jon Manchip. Diego Velazquez: painter and courtier. London: Hamish Hamilton Ltd, 1969. ISBN 0-241-01624-X
