機會性感染又名伺機性感染(英語:opportunistic infection)是指由機會性病原體引發的感染。這些病原體寄生於免疫功能正常的健康宿主時不致病,但會在宿主出現免疫缺陷時入侵宿主[1][2]。
病因
免疫缺陷或免疫抑制可能由以下原因引發:
感染類型
- 鮑氏不動桿菌(Acinetobacter baumanni)
- 麴黴菌(Aspergillus sp.)
- 白色念珠菌(Candida albicans)
- 難辨梭狀芽胞桿菌(Clostridium difficile)
- 新型隱球菌(Cryptococcus neoformans)
- 巨細胞病毒(Cytomegalovirus)
- 莢膜組織胞漿菌(Histoplasma capsulatum)
- 微孢子蟲(Microsporidium)
- 綠膿桿菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)
- 金黃色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)
- 化膿性鏈球菌(Streptococcus pyogenes)
- 弓形蟲(Toxoplasma gondii)
- 嗜肺軍團菌(Legionella pneumophila),引發軍團病
- JC病毒(Polyomavirus JC polyomavirus),引發進行性多灶性白質腦病
- 人類疱疹病毒8型(Human herpesvirus 8, HHV8),引發特發性出血性肉瘤
- 鳥分枝桿菌複合菌組(Mycobacterium avium complex)
- 貝氏等孢子球蟲(Isospora belli)
- 耶氏肺孢子蟲(Pneumocystis jirovecii)
- 隱孢菌(Cryptosporidium)
- Geomyces destructans
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參考文獻
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