亞歷山大·亞歷山德羅維奇·阿廖欣（俄語：Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Але́хин，羅馬化：Aleksándr Aleksándrovich Alékhin，發音：[ɐlʲɪkˈsandr ɐlʲɪkˈsandrəvʲɪtɕ ɐˈlʲexʲɪn]；1892年10月31日—1946年3月24日），俄裔法國國際象棋大師，曾四次獲得國際象棋世界冠軍。
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16歲獲全俄業餘國際象棋賽冠軍，成為大師。1914年升為特級大師。第一次世界大戰後移居法國。1927年代表法國參賽並贏得世界冠軍稱號。1935年荷蘭的尤偉奪走了他的世界冠軍稱號，1937年又重新奪回，並一直保持到逝世。
阿廖欣技術全面，富於獨創性，棋風以新奇見長，首倡力爭主動型着法。1924、1925、1933年，三度打破蒙目棋的世界紀錄。一生中共87次參加國際象棋錦標賽，62次獲得冠軍。著有《我的最佳對局300局》和《盲棋60局》等。由於他對開局的刻苦研究，阿廖欣1927年於布宜諾斯艾利斯戰勝了卡帕布蘭卡，成為第四位世界冠軍。然而，賽後作為冠軍的他沒有接受卡帕布蘭卡的挑戰，這一點對卡帕布蘭卡來講多少有失公平。
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