KK音標(英語:John Samuel Kenyon and Thomas Albert Knott),是一種美式英語發音的音素音標,它所使用的符號幾乎與國際音標(IPA)相符。KK音標最初使用在1944年出版的《美式英語發音辭典》(A Pronouncing Dictionary of American English),由於兩位作者約翰·塞繆爾·肯尼恩及托馬斯·A·克諾特(Thomas A. Knott)的姓皆以K為開頭,所以此辭典使用的音標俗稱為KK(Kenyon and Knott)音標。
歷史背景
KK音標在台灣
梁實秋(1903年-1987年),在1949-1969年服務於中華民國臺灣立師範學院及其改制的國立臺灣師範大學,任英語系專任教授兼系主任;在師大服務期間,主編大學英文教科書,並與遠東書局合作,出版遠東版初中及高中英文課本、遠東版英漢詞典(最新實用英漢辭典、最新實用英漢辭典增訂本、遠東英漢大辭典等)。當時英屬香港、中國大陸等地採用的是英式發音的DJ音標,但在台灣主要接觸到的是美式英語,因此梁實秋在編輯英文教材與參考書時,便引進美式發音的KK音標,此舉對台灣的英語文教育影響深遠。[1]至今KK音標仍然是台灣人對英語的常見注音方式,在教學方法上則與自然發音法並列為兩種方式之一。[2]KK音標除了台灣出版的教科書與英漢辭典多有標註以外,也經常使用於電子辭典中。
比較
以下是KK音標、DJ音標及IPA音標的比較。
More information KK, DJ ...
單元音
KK |
DJ |
IPA |
單字示例
|
[i] |
[iː] |
[iː] |
seat
|
[ɪ] |
[ɪ] |
[ɪ] |
sit
|
[e] |
[eɪ] |
[eɪ] |
pain
|
[ɛ] |
[e] |
[e] |
head
|
[æ] |
[æ] |
[æ] |
fat
|
[ɑ] |
[ɑː] |
[ɑ] |
hot
|
[o] |
[əʊ] |
[əʊ] |
nose
|
[ɔ] |
[ɔː] |
[ɔː] |
four
|
[ɔ] |
[ɔ] |
[ɒ] |
dog
|
[u] |
[uː] |
[uː] |
too
|
[ᴜ] |
[ʊ] |
[ʊ] |
put
|
[ʌ] |
[ʌ] |
[ʌ] |
sun
|
[ə] |
[ə] |
[ə] |
again
|
[ɪr] |
[ɪə] |
[ɪə] |
rear
|
[ɚ] |
[ə] |
[ə˞] |
brother
|
[ɝ] |
[ɜ] |
[ɜ˞] |
bird
|
|
雙元音
KK |
DJ |
IPA |
單字示例
|
[aɪ] |
[aɪ] |
[aɪ] |
pie
|
[aᴜ] |
[aʊ] |
[aʊ] |
house
|
[ɔɪ] |
[ɔɪ] |
[ɔɪ] |
coin
|
|
|
清音
KK |
DJ |
IPA |
單字示例
|
[p] |
[p] |
[p] |
pet
|
[t] |
[t] |
[t] |
ten
|
[k] |
[k] |
[k] |
key
|
[f] |
[f] |
[f] |
fat
|
[s] |
[s] |
[s] |
sing
|
[θ] |
[θ] |
[θ] |
thank
|
[ʃ] |
[ʃ] |
[ʃ] |
short
|
[tʃ] |
[tʃ] |
[tʃ] |
chair
|
[h] |
[h] |
[h] |
ha
|
|
濁音
KK |
DJ |
IPA |
單字示例
|
[b] |
[b] |
[b] |
book
|
[d] |
[d] |
[d] |
desk
|
[g] |
[g] |
[ɡ] |
get
|
[v] |
[v] |
[v] |
vest
|
[z] |
[z] |
[z] |
zoo
|
[ð] |
[ð] |
[ð] |
this
|
[ʒ] |
[ʒ] |
[ʒ] |
measure
|
[dʒ] |
[dʒ] |
[dʒ] |
john
|
[m] |
[m] |
[m] |
mom
|
[n] |
[n] |
[n] |
nose
|
[ŋ] |
[ŋ] |
[ŋ] |
sing
|
[l] |
[l] |
[l] |
long
|
[r] |
[r] |
[r] |
red
|
[j] |
[j] |
[j] |
yes
|
[w] |
[w] |
[w] |
we
|
|
|
[3][4]
參考文獻
外部連結
參見
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