CD59

CD59，亦稱為「膜攻擊複合物（MAC）抑制蛋白」（MAC-inhibitory protein, MAC-IP）、「膜反應性溶血抑制物」（membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis, MIRL）、「膜攻擊複合物抑制因子」（membrane attack complex inhibitory factor, MACIF）或保護素（protectin）^[6]，在人體內是一種由CD59基因編碼的糖蛋白，屬於分化簇（Cluster of Differntiation, CD）的一種^[7]。CD59屬於LY6（英語：LY6）/uPAR（英語：Urokinase receptor）/α-神經毒素（英語：alpha-neurotoxin）蛋白家族^[8]。 CD59通過糖化肌醇磷脂（英語：glycophosphatidylinositol）（GPI）基團錨定在細胞膜上。當補體系統激活並已產生C5b（英語：C5b）678複合物時，CD59會阻止補體成分C9聚集到上述複合體上，從而阻止膜攻擊複合物（MAC）的形成^[9]。同時，細胞也會收到信號，通過胞吞作用攝入CD59-CD9複合物^[8]。

CD59
已知的結構 PDB 直系同源搜索: PDBe RCSB PDBID列表 1CDQ、​1CDR、​1CDS、​1ERG、​1ERH、​2J8B、​2OFS、​2UWR、​2UX2、​4BIK
識別號
別名	CD59；, 16.3A5, 1F5, EJ16, EJ30, EL32, G344, HRF-20, HRF20, MAC-IP, MACIF, MEM43, MIC11, MIN1, MIN2, MIN3, MIRL, MSK21, p18-20, CD59 molecule, CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)
外部ID	OMIM：107271 MGI：1888996 HomoloGene：56386 GeneCards：CD59
相關疾病
primary CD59 deficiency[1]
基因位置（人類） 染色體 11號染色體[2] 基因座 11p13 起始 33,703,010 bp[2] 終止 33,736,479 bp[2]
基因位置（小鼠） 染色體 小鼠2號染色體[3] 基因座 2|2 E2 起始 103,900,194 bp[3] 終止 103,921,532 bp[3]
RNA表達模式
查閱更多表達數據
基因本體 分子功能 • 血漿蛋白結合 • complement binding 細胞組分 • 囊泡 • endoplasmic reticulum membrane • 膜 • 粘着斑 • Golgi membrane • 細胞膜 • 細胞外區域 • cell surface • compact myelin • anchored component of external side of plasma membrane • ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane • anchored component of membrane • 肌膜 • 外排體 • endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane • 細胞外空間 • specific granule membrane • tertiary granule membrane • transport vesicle 生物學過程 • 凝血 • negative regulation of apoptotic process • negative regulation of activation of membrane attack complex • endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport • cell surface receptor signaling pathway • COPII vesicle coating • positive regulation of T cell proliferation • regulation of complement activation • cell activation • neutrophil degranulation • regulation of complement-dependent cytotoxicity Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
直系同源
物種	人類	小鼠
Entrez	966	333883
Ensembl	ENSG00000085063	ENSMUSG00000068686
UniProt	P13987 Q6FHM9	P58019
mRNA​序列	NM_203331 ​NM_000611 ​NM_001127223 ​NM_001127225 ​NM_001127226 ​NM_001127227 ​NM_203329 ​NM_203330	NM_181858 ​NM_001368215
蛋白序列	NP_000602 ​NP_001120695 ​NP_001120697 ​NP_001120698 ​NP_001120699 ​NP_976074 ​NP_976075 ​NP_976076 NP_000602.1 ​NP_001120695.1 ​NP_001120697.1 ​NP_001120698.1 ​NP_001120699.1 ​NP_976074.1 ​NP_976075.1 ​NP_976076.1	NP_862906 ​NP_001355144
基因位置​（UCSC）	Chr 11: 33.7 – 33.74 Mb	Chr 2: 103.9 – 103.92 Mb
PubMed​查找	[4]	[5]
維基數據
檢視/編輯人類 檢視/編輯小鼠

能影響GPI基團的突變會引起紅細胞膜上的CD59分子和衰變加速因子（CD55）數量減少，可引發陣發性夜間血紅素尿症^[10]。

部分病毒，例如HIV、巨細胞病毒、牛痘病毒能夠通過將宿主細胞的CD59整合到自己的包膜上來逃避補體系統的攻擊^[11]。

參見

• 分子與細胞生物學主題

• 膜攻擊複合物
• 衰變加速因子

參考

1. 與CD59相關的疾病；在維基數據上查看/編輯參考.
2. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000085063 - Ensembl, May 2017
3. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000068686 - Ensembl, May 2017
4. Human PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Mouse PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
6. Cd59糖蛋白的应用. [2018-05-19]. （原始內容存檔於2019-02-15）.
7. Entrez Gene: CD59 molecule, complement regulatory protein.
8. Maio M, Brasoveanu LI, Coral S, Sigalotti L, Lamaj E, Gasparollo A, Visintin A, Altomonte M, Fonsatti E. Structure, distribution, and functional role of protectin (CD59) in complement-susceptibility and in immunotherapy of human malignancies (Review). international journal of oncology. Aug 1998, 13 (2): 305–18. PMID 9664126. doi:10.3892/ijo.13.2.305.
9. Huang Y, Qiao F, Abagyan R, Hazard S, Tomlinson S. Defining the CD59-C9 binding interaction. J. Biol. Chem. September 2006, 281 (37): 27398–27404. PMID 16844690. doi:10.1074/jbc.M603690200.
10. Parker C, Omine M, Richards S, et al. Diagnosis and management of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Blood. 2005, 106 (12): 3699–709 [2018-04-27]. PMC 1895106 . PMID 16051736. doi:10.1182/blood-2005-04-1717. （原始內容存檔於2009-09-18）.
11. Bohana-Kashtan O, Ziporen L, Donin N, Kraus S, Fishelson Z. Cell signals transduced by complement. Mol. Immunol. July 2004, 41 (6–7): 583–597. PMID 15219997. doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2004.04.007.

拓展閱讀

• Tandon N, Morgan BP, Weetman AP. Expression and function of membrane attack complex inhibitory proteins on thyroid follicular cells. Immunology. 1992, 75 (2): 372–7. PMC 1384722 . PMID 1372592.
• Holmes CH, Simpson KL, Okada H, et al. Complement regulatory proteins at the feto-maternal interface during human placental development: distribution of CD59 by comparison with membrane cofactor protein (CD46) and decay accelerating factor (CD55). Eur. J. Immunol. 1992, 22 (6): 1579–1585. PMID 1376264. doi:10.1002/eji.1830220635.
• Hahn WC, Menu E, Bothwell AL, et al. Overlapping but nonidentical binding sites on CD2 for CD58 and a second ligand CD59. Science. 1992, 256 (5065): 1805–1807. PMID 1377404. doi:10.1126/science.1377404.
• Ninomiya H, Sims PJ. The human complement regulatory protein CD59 binds to the alpha-chain of C8 and to the "b"domain of C9. J. Biol. Chem. 1992, 267 (19): 13675–80. PMID 1377690.
• Petranka JG, Fleenor DE, Sykes K, et al. Structure of the CD59-encoding gene: further evidence of a relationship to murine lymphocyte antigen Ly-6 protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1992, 89 (17): 7876–7879. PMC 49817 . PMID 1381503. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.17.7876.
• Motoyama N, Okada N, Yamashina M, Okada H. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria due to hereditary nucleotide deletion in the HRF20 (CD59) gene. Eur. J. Immunol. 1992, 22 (10): 2669–2673. PMID 1382994. doi:10.1002/eji.1830221029.
• Rooney IA, Morgan BP. Characterization of the membrane attack complex inhibitory protein CD59 antigen on human amniotic cells and in amniotic fluid. Immunology. 1992, 76 (4): 541–7. PMC 1421564 . PMID 1383132.
• Tone M, Walsh LA, Waldmann H. Gene structure of human CD59 and demonstration that discrete mRNAs are generated by alternative polyadenylation. J. Mol. Biol. 1992, 227 (3): 971–976. PMID 1383553. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(92)90239-G.
• Philbrick WM, Palfree RG, Maher SE, et al. The CD59 antigen is a structural homologue of murine Ly-6 antigens but lacks interferon inducibility. Eur. J. Immunol. 1990, 20 (1): 87–92. PMID 1689664. doi:10.1002/eji.1830200113.
• Sawada R, Ohashi K, Anaguchi H, et al. Isolation and expression of the full-length cDNA encoding CD59 antigen of human lymphocytes. DNA Cell Biol. 1990, 9 (3): 213–220. PMID 1692709. doi:10.1089/dna.1990.9.213.
• Yamashina M, Ueda E, Kinoshita T, et al. Inherited complete deficiency of 20-kilodalton homologous restriction factor (CD59) as a cause of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. N. Engl. J. Med. 1990, 323 (17): 1184–1189. PMID 1699124. doi:10.1056/NEJM199010253231707.
• Rooney IA, Morgan BP. Protection of human amniotic epithelial cells (HAEC) from complement-mediated lysis: expression on the cells of three complement inhibitory membrane proteins. Immunology. 1991, 71 (3): 308–11. PMC 1384423 . PMID 1702747.
• Watts MJ, Dankert JR, Morgan EP. Isolation and characterization of a membrane-attack-complex-inhibiting protein present in human serum and other biological fluids. Biochem. J. 1990, 265 (2): 471–7. PMC 1136908 . PMID 2302178.
• Okada H, Nagami Y, Takahashi K, et al. 20 KDa homologous restriction factor of complement resembles T cell activating protein. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1989, 162 (3): 1553–1559. PMID 2475111. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(89)90852-8.
• Davies A, Simmons DL, Hale G, et al. CD59, an LY-6-like protein expressed in human lymphoid cells, regulates the action of the complement membrane attack complex on homologous cells. J. Exp. Med. 1989, 170 (3): 637–654. PMC 2189447 . PMID 2475570. doi:10.1084/jem.170.3.637.
• Sawada R, Ohashi K, Okano K, et al. Complementary DNA sequence and deduced peptide sequence for CD59/MEM-43 antigen, the human homologue of murine lymphocyte antigen Ly-6C. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989, 17 (16): 6728–6728. PMC 318369 . PMID 2476718. doi:10.1093/nar/17.16.6728.
• Sugita Y, Tobe T, Oda E, et al. Molecular cloning and characterization of MACIF, an inhibitor of membrane channel formation of complement. J. Biochem. 1990, 106 (4): 555–7. PMID 2606909.
• Bora NS, Gobleman CL, Atkinson JP, et al. Differential expression of the complement regulatory proteins in the human eye. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 1994, 34 (13): 3579–84. PMID 7505007.
• Kieffer B, Driscoll PC, Campbell ID, et al. Three-dimensional solution structure of the extracellular region of the complement regulatory protein CD59, a new cell-surface protein domain related to snake venom neurotoxins. Biochemistry. 1994, 33 (15): 4471–4482. PMID 7512825. doi:10.1021/bi00181a006.
• Kennedy SP, Rollins SA, Burton WV, et al. Protection of porcine aortic endothelial cells from complement-mediated cell lysis and activation by recombinant human CD59. Transplantation. 1994, 57 (10): 1494–501. PMID 7515200. doi:10.1097/00007890-199405000-00017.

外部連結

• 醫學主題詞表（MeSH）：CD59+Antigen
• Human CD59 genome location and CD59 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser（英語：UCSC Genome Browser）.