衣魚目(學名:Zygentoma)是昆蟲綱下的一個目,包含了5科約550個物種,分布於全世界,是現存最原始的昆蟲類群之一。本目和石蛃目在20世紀末被視爲纓尾目(Thysanura)下的亞目,於纓尾目被取消後分別獨立成目。
衣魚體細扁且外覆銀灰色鱗片,觸角多節,複眼發達或退化,無翅;腹部11節,腹下有腹刺若干對,有3個尾鬃(一對長尾鬚,尾鬚之間生有一絲狀中尾絲)。幼體形似成體,唯身形較小。2-3年後性成熟。一生蛻皮多達35次,每年蛻皮3-5次。有些種類壽命可長達7年。
在室內生活的衣魚物種以富含澱粉的有機物為食,一般棲息於古舊房屋和書籍、衣物中,常嚴重危害書籍和紙張等物。野生的種類以任何有機碎屑為食,通常棲息在黑暗、潮濕的環境中,如洞穴中或岩石下方等,其中有些物種與蟻群間有著共生關係,例如Trichatelura manni[2]和Allotrichotriura saevissima[3]等。
下級分類
本科包括以下屬:[4]
- Ateluridae
- Allatelura Silvestri, 1947
- Allomorphura Silvestri, 1921
- Allomorphuroides Mendes, 1989
- Allonychella Silvestri, 1918
- Anarithmeus Paclt, 1963
- Arabiatelura Mendes, 1995
- Archeatelura Mendes, 1997
- Assmuthia Escherich, 1906
- Atelurina Wygodzinsky, 1943
- Atelurodes Silvestri, 1921
- Ateluropsis Wygodzinsky, 1970
- Atopatelura Silvestri, 1908
- Attatelura Wygodzinsky, 1942
- Bharatatelura Mendes, 1993
- Cephalocryptina Mendes, 1986
- Comphotriura Paclt, 1963
- Congoatelura Mendes, 1996
- Cryptocephalina Silvestri, 1908
- Cryptostylea Mendes, Bach de Roca & Gaju-Ricart, 1992
- Crypturella Silvestri, 1911
- Crypturelloides Smith & Veera Singham, 2011
- Dinatelura Silvestri, 1908
- Dionychella Silvestri, 1918
- Ecnomatelura Wygodzinsky, 1961
- Eluratinda Wygodzinsky, 1970
- Gastrotheellus Silvestri, 1942
- Goiasatelura Wygodzinksy, 1942
- Gynatelura Wygodzinsky, 1970
- Heterolepidella Silvestri, 1908
- Heteronychella Mendes, 2001
- Lasiotheus Paclt, 1963
- Lepidotriura Paclt, 1963
- Linadureta Wygodzinsky, 1970
- Luratea Mendes, 1988
- Machadatelura Mendes, 1998
- Malayatelura Mendes, von Beeren & Witte, 2011
- Mesonychographis Silvestri, 1908
- Metriotelura Silvestri, 1916
- Natiruleda Wygodzinsky, 1970
- Nipponatelura Uchida, 1968
- Nipponatelurina Mendes & Machida, 1994
- Olarthrocera Silvestri, 1908
- Olarthroceroides Mendes, 2002
- Pauronychella Silvestri, 1918
- Petalonychia Silvestri, 1908
- Platystylea Escherich, 1906
- Protonychella Mendes, 2001
- Pseudatelura Silvestri, 1908
- Pseudatelurodes Mendes, 1993
- Rasthegotus Mendes, 2001
- Rulenatida Wygodzinsky, 1970
- Santhomesiella Mendes, 1988
- Trichotriura Silvestri, 1917
- Trichotriurella Mendes, 2002
- Trichotriuroides Mendes, Bach de Roca, Gaju-Ricart & Molero-Baltanás, 1994
- Wygodzincinus Paclt, 1963
- Carbotripluridae
- Carbotriplura Kluge, 1996
- Carbotriplura kukalovae Kluge, 1996
- Carbotriplura Kluge, 1996
- 無毛衣魚科 Lepidotrichidae ,鱗衣魚科
- 衣魚科 Lepismatidae
- 光衣魚科 Maindroniidae
- 土衣魚科 Nicoletiidae Escherich, 1905
- 原衣魚科 Protrinemuridae
- Tricholepidiidae
參考文獻
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