穆薩·伊本·儀姆蘭(阿拉伯語:مُوسَىٰ ابن عمران,羅馬化:Mūsā ibn ʿimrān;猶太基督神學中被稱作摩西,天主教根據拉丁文譯為梅瑟,大唐景教譯為牟世法王)是伊斯蘭教中的一位先知與使者。穆斯林常將穆薩稱為「穆薩卡利姆拉」(阿拉伯語:مُوسَىٰ كليم الله,羅馬化:Mūsā Kalīmullāh,直譯:穆薩——與神溝通之人)。穆薩於公元前十三世紀帶領以色列人跨過紅海,並揭示了亞伯拉罕諸教皆尊崇的聖書《討拉特》。《古蘭經》中說穆薩是神派給埃及法老、他的機構以及以色列人的,以起到指引和警示的作用。穆薩是《古蘭經》中最常被提及的個人,他的名字被提及136次,而他的人生經歷也比其他先知的故事被敘述得更完整且詳細。根據伊斯蘭教,所有穆斯林必須信仰每一位先知(nabi)和使者(rasul),這包括了穆薩和他的兄弟哈倫(亞倫)、阿丹(亞當)、努哈(諾亞)、易卜拉欣(亞伯拉罕)和爾撒(耶穌)。《古蘭經》寫道:
另外,穆薩生前曾表明想要與兄弟哈倫在死後分開,許多以色列人認為是穆薩在山上殺了哈倫以致他們被分開。然而,根據塔巴里(Al-Tabari)的敘述,哈倫死於自然原因:「當他們[穆薩和哈倫]入睡後,死亡帶走了哈倫...當他死去的時候,房子被帶走,樹木消失了,床被升至天堂。」當穆薩從山上獨自回到他的追隨者——以色列的子孫的身邊時,他們聲稱穆薩殺了哈倫因為他們覺得穆薩嫉妒哈倫更受他們歡迎,因為哈倫更加能夠容忍他們。這樣的說法其實可信度很強,因為這樣確實能夠保證他們兄弟倆在死後分開,就像穆薩向神祈禱的一樣。但是穆薩還是試圖挽救這些追隨者們對他的信任,塔巴里引用了穆薩的原話:「他是我的兄弟。你們覺得我會殺他嗎?」Shorter Encyclopedia of Islam(《較簡短的伊斯蘭教百科全書》)一書中提到穆薩背誦了兩段拉卡阿(rakaʿāt),包括形容跪姿和背誦經文的穆斯林禱告文,來重新博取追隨者們的信任。神應答了穆薩的禱告,將已升天的哈倫的床重新由天堂降至人間,以使以色列人能見證哈倫確實是因自然原因死亡的。
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