秋子梨(學名:Pyrus ussuriensis)又名花蓋梨、山梨、青梨、野梨、沙果梨、酸梨,為薔薇科梨屬下的一個種。其種加詞「ussuriensis」意為「烏蘇里的」。原產於朝鮮半島、日本和烏蘇里江流域,抗寒力很強,適宜生長在寒冷乾燥、海拔約100-2000米的山區。
本種屬喬木,可高達15米,樹冠寬廣;嫩枝無毛或微具毛,二年生枝條黃灰色至紫褐色,老枝則轉為黃灰色或黃褐色,具稀疏皮孔;冬芽肥大,卵形,先端鈍,鱗片邊緣微具毛或近於無毛。葉片卵形至寬卵形,長5-10厘米,寬4-6厘米,柄長2-5厘米,先端短漸尖,基部圓形或近心形,稀寬楔形,邊緣具有帶刺芒狀尖銳鋸齒,上下兩面無毛或於幼嫩時被絨毛,成長時脫落;托葉線狀披針形,先端漸尖,邊緣具有腺齒,長8-13毫米,早落。花序密集,有花5-7朵,梗長2-5厘米,花梗幼時亦被絨毛;苞片膜質,線狀披針形,先端漸尖,全緣,長12-18毫米;花直徑3-3.5厘米;萼筒外面無毛或微具絨毛;萼片三角披針形,先端漸尖,邊緣有腺齒,長5-8毫米,外面無毛,內面密被絨毛;花瓣倒卵形或廣卵形,先端圓鈍,基部具短爪,長約18毫米,寬約12毫米,無毛,白色;雄蕊20,短於花瓣,花葯紫色;花柱5,離生,近基部有稀疏柔毛。果實近球形,黃色,直徑2-6厘米,萼片宿存,基部微下陷,具短果梗,長1-2厘米。花期5月,果期8-10月。
實生苗在果園中常利用為梨的抗寒砧木。果與冰糖煎膏可用於清肺止咳;一般需經後熟處理以便食用,如中國東北用來做「凍梨」。
異名
- Pyrus acidula Nakai
- Pyrus amoena Koidz.
- Pyrus amoena Poit. & Turpin
- Pyrus aromatica Kikuchi & Nakai
- Pyrus cajon Zaprjagaeva
- Pyrus chinensis Roxb.
- Pyrus communis Thunb.
- Pyrus crassipes Kikuchi & Nakai
- Pyrus ferruginea Koidz.
- Pyrus hakunensis Nakai
- Pyrus hondoensis Nakai & Kikuchi
- Pyrus insueta Koidz.
- Pyrus insula Koidz.
- Pyrus insularis Koidz.
- Pyrus inutilis Koidz.
- Pyrus invicibilis Koidz.
- Pyrus invincibilis Koidz.
- Pyrus iwatensis Koidz.
- Pyrus jucunda Koidz.
- Pyrus koshiensis Koidz.
- Pyrus kumaensis Koidz.
- Pyrus kunoriana Koidz.
- Pyrus leiostachya Koidz.
- Pyrus lindleyi Rehder
- Pyrus longepedunculata Koidz.
- Pyrus macrostipes Nakai
- Pyrus mayebarana Koidz.
- Pyrus mayebaratorii Koidz.
- Pyrus mikado Koidz.
- Pyrus nambuana Koidz.
- Pyrus nankaiensis Nakai
- Pyrus oblongolanceolata Koidz.
- Pyrus obovoidea Koidz.
- Pyrus oncocarpa Koidz.
- Pyrus ovoidea Rehder
- Pyrus roxburghii K.Koch
- Pyrus rufoferruginea Koidz.
- Pyrus seoulensis Nakai
- Pyrus simonii Carrière
- Pyrus sinensis Lindl.
- Pyrus sinensis var. silvestris Makino
- Pyrus sinensis var. ussuriensis Makino
- Pyrus sinica Royle
- Pyrus sogdiana Kudr.
- Pyrus squarrosa Koidz.
- Pyrus tremulans Koidz.
- Pyrus ugoensis Koidz.
- Pyrus ussuriensis var. acidula (Nakai) T.B.Lee
- Pyrus ussuriensis var. diamantica Uyeki
- Pyrus ussuriensis var. hakunensis (Nakai) M.Kim
- Pyrus ussuriensis var. heterophylla Gladkova
- Pyrus ussuriensis var. hondoensis (Nakai & Kikuchi) Rehder
- Pyrus ussuriensis var. macrostipes (Nakai) T.B.Lee
- Pyrus ussuriensis var. nankaiensis (Nakai) T.B.Lee
- Pyrus ussuriensis var. ovoidea Rehder
- Pyrus ussuriensis var. seoulensis (Nakai) T.B.Lee
- Pyrus ussuriensis var. viris (Nakai) Y.N.Lee
- Pyrus viris Nakai
- Pyrus wayamana Koidz.
- Pyrus yukinourana Koidz.
- Pyrus zenskeana Koidz.
參考文獻
- 秋子梨 Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim.. 中國植物物種信息數據庫. 昆明: 中科院昆明植物研究所. [2013-01-18]. (原始內容存檔於2016-03-05).(簡體中文)
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