脂鯉科（學名：Characidae，又譯作擬鯉科、鮭鯉科、加拉辛科、加辛拉科），為輻鰭魚綱脂鯉目中最大的一科。是主要為原產於美洲及非洲熱帶或亞熱帶的淡水魚。[2]
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- 鯷形盜鮭鯉 Agoniates anchovia
- 海盜鮭鯉 Agoniates halecinus
- 阿氏細脂鯉 Aphyocharax agassizii
- 白細脂鯉 Aphyocharax alburnus
- 安氏細脂鯉 Aphyocharax anisitsi
- 委內瑞拉細脂鯉 Aphyocharax colifax
- 大牙細脂鯉 Aphyocharax dentatus
- 淡紅細脂鯉 Aphyocharax erythrurus
- 細脂鯉 Aphyocharax gracilis
- 納氏細脂鯉 Aphyocharax natterei
- 巴拉圭細脂鯉 Aphyocharax paraguayensis
- 柔弱細脂鯉 Aphyocharax pusillus
- 拉氏細脂鯉 Aphyocharax rathbuni
- 耶瓦細脂鯉 Aphyocharax yekwanae
- 克氏青脂鯉 Inpaichthys kerri
- 溪青脂鯉 Inpaichthys nambiquara 舊名：溪光尾裙魚
- Inpaichthys parauapiranga
- 白副角脂鯉 Paragoniates alburnus
- 大鱗短腺脂鯉 Phenagoniates macrolepis
- 玻璃鋸脂鯿 Prionobrama filigera ：又稱玻璃紅翅魚。
- 巴拉圭鋸鯿脂鯉 Prionobrama paraguayensis
- 厚頭脂鯉 Rachoviscus crassiceps
- 細厚頭脂鯉 Rachoviscus graciliceps
- 玻利維亞吸脂鯉 Aphyocharacidium bolivianum
- 蘇里南吸溪脂鯉 Aphyocharacidium melandetum
- 美目小體石脂鯉 Microschemobrycon callops
- 南美小體石脂鯉 Microschemobrycon casiquiare
- 長小體石脂鯉 Microschemobrycon elongatus
- 蓋氏小體石脂鯉 Microschemobrycon geisleri
- 巴西小體石脂鯉 Microschemobrycon guaporensis
- 黑背小體石脂鯉 Microschemobrycon melanotus
- 邁氏小體石脂鯉 Microschemobrycon meyburgi
- 背斑泰托齧脂鯉 Tyttobrycon dorsimaculatus
- 鈎牙泰托齧脂鯉 Tyttobrycon hamatus
- Tyttobrycon shibattai Abrahão, Pastana & Marinho, 2019[4]
- 大刺泰托齧脂鯉 Tyttobrycon spinosus
- 興氏泰托齧脂鯉 Tyttobrycon xeruini
- 唇齧脂鯉 Chilobrycon deuterodon
- 惠氏唇脂鯉 Henochilus wheatlandii
- 小鱗刺脂鯉 Acanthocharax microlepis
- 尖粘鱸 Acestrocephalus acutus
- 哥倫比亞粘鱸 Acestrocephalus anomalus
- 貝氏粘鱸 Acestrocephalus boehlkei
- 斑粘鱸 Acestrocephalus maculosus
- 黑紋粘鱸 Acestrocephalus nigrifasciatus
- 蒼白粘鱸 Acestrocephalus pallidus
- 沙丁粘鱸 Acestrocephalus sardina
- 點斑粘鱸 Acestrocephalus stigmatus
- 阿普雷桂脂鯉 Charax apurensis
- Charax awa Guimarães, De Brito, Ferreira & Ottoni, 2018[5]
- 尾斑桂脂鯉 Charax caudimaculatus
- 康得氏桂脂鯉 Charax condei
- 駝背桂脂鯉 Charax gibbosus
- 半線桂脂鯉 Charax hemigrammus
- 萊氏桂脂鯉 Charax leticiae
- 大鱗桂脂鯉 Charax macrolepis
- 米塔桂脂鯉 Charax metae
- 邁克爾氏桂脂鯉 Charax michaeli
- 黑桂脂鯉 Charax niger
- 南美桂脂鯉 Charax notulatus
- 少輻桂脂鯉 Charax pauciradiatus
- 魯氏桂脂鯉 Charax rupununi
- 窄鰭桂脂鯉 Charax stenopterus
- 猛桂脂鯉 Charax tectifer
- 單班桂脂鯉 Charax unimaculatus
- 格氏銹牙脂鯉 Roeboexodon geryi Myers, 1960
- 圭亞那銹牙脂鯉 Roeboexodon guyanensis (Puyo, 1948)
- 黑紋葡齒魚 Acinocheirodon melanogramma Malabarba & Weitzman, 1999[6]
- 亞馬遜棘脂鯉 Amazonspinther dalmata Bührnheim, Carvalho, Malabarba & Weitzman, 2008 [7]
- 半帶吸寶蓮魚 Aphyocheirodon hemigrammus
- 吉氏寶蓮魚 Cheirodontops geayi
- 南美異唇齒魚 Heterocheirodon jacuiensis
- 耶氏異唇齒魚 Heterocheirodon yatai
- 菲氏似寶蓮魚 Kolpotocheirodon figueiredoi
- 巴西似寶蓮魚 Kolpotocheirodon theloura
- 烏拉圭傲脂鯉 Macropsobrycon uruguayanae
- 南美傲脂鯉 Macropsobrycon xinguensis
- 巴西焰脂鯉 Spintherobolus ankoseion
- 布氏焰脂鯉 Spintherobolus broccae
- 小尾焰脂鯉 Spintherobolus leptoura
- 乳突焰脂鯉 Spintherobolus papilliferus
- 擬鯷脂鯉 Clupeacharax anchoveoides Pearson, 1924[8]
- 雙線匕齧魚 Coptobrycon bilineatus (Ellis, 1911)，基異名：Hasemania bilineata Ellis, 1911
- 伯氏裸脂鯉 Gymnocharacinus bergii
- 尾斑慈脂鯉 Piabucus caudomaculatus
- 大齒慈脂鯉 Piabucus dentatus
- 黑口慈脂鯉 Piabucus melanostoma
- 艾氏頭脂鯉 Carlana eigenmanni (Meek, 1912)，基異名：Cheirodon eigenmanni Meek, 1912
- 科斯塔氏線紋脂鯉 Nematocharax costai Bragança, Barbosa & Mattos, 2013[9]
- 維納斯線紋脂鯉 Nematocharax venustus Weitzman, Menezes & Britski, 1986[10]
- 科氏短蜴脂鯉 Brachychalcinus copei
- 厄瓜多爾短蜴脂鯉 Brachychalcinus nummus
- 圭亞那短蜴脂鯉 Brachychalcinus orbicularis
- 巴西短蜴脂鯉 Brachychalcinus parnaibae
- Brachychalcinus reisi Garcia-Ayala, Ohara, Pastana & Benine, 2017[11]
- 後刺短蜴脂鯉 Brachychalcinus retrospina
- 邦氏裸頂脂鯉 Gymnocorymbus bondi
- 裸頂脂鯉 Gymnocorymbus ternetzi ：又稱坦氏裸頂脂鯉。
- 塞氏裸頂脂鯉 Gymnocorymbus thayeri
- 巴西直棘脂鯉 Orthospinus franciscensis
- 刻痕鋸胸脂鯉 Stethaprion crenatum
- 鋸胸脂鯉 Stethaprion erythrops
- 列牙脂鯉 Stichonodon insignis
- 秘魯奇脂鯉 Attonitus bounites
- 高貴奇脂鯉 Attonitus ephimeros
- 虹奇脂鯉 Attonitus irisae
- 埃氏齧齒脂鯉 Bryconacidnus ellisi
- 半帶齧齒脂鯉 Bryconacidnus hemigrammus
- 祕魯齧齒脂鯉 Bryconacidnus paipayensis
- 巴西齧牙脂鯉 Bryconadenos tanaothoros
- 韋氏齧牙脂鯉 Bryconadenos weitzmani
- 賓氏角鰓脂鯉 Ceratobranchia binghami
- 隱紋角鰓脂鯉 Ceratobranchia delotaenia
- 厄瓜多爾角鰓脂鯉 Ceratobranchia elatior
- 瓊氏角鰓脂鯉 Ceratobranchia joanae
- 鈍吻角鰓脂鯉 Ceratobranchia obtusirostris
- 阿來格藍脂鯉 Cyanocharax alegretensis
- 河棲藍脂鯉 Cyanocharax dicropotamicus
- 巴西藍脂鯉 Cyanocharax itaimbe
- 碎鱗藍脂鯉 Cyanocharax lepiclastus
- 秀美藍脂鯉 Cyanocharax tipiaia
- 藍色藍脂鯉 Cyanocharax obi
- 烏拉圭藍脂鯉 Cyanocharax uruguayensis
- 紅鰭全脂鯉 Diapoma pyrrhopteryx
- 全脂鯉 Diapoma speculiferum
- 泰氏全脂鯉 Diapoma terofali
- 奇蹟全脂鯉 Diapoma thauma
- 黑尾裙魚 Gephyrocharax atracaudatus
- 高加裙魚 Gephyrocharax caucanus
- 夏帕裙魚 Gephyrocharax chaparae
- 喬科裙魚 Gephyrocharax chocoensis
- 間裙魚 Gephyrocharax intermedius
- 大裙魚 Gephyrocharax major
- 苦裙魚 Gephyrocharax martae
- 黑裙魚 Gephyrocharax melanocheir
- 南美裙魚 Gephyrocharax sinuensis
- 壯裙魚 Gephyrocharax valencia
- 委內瑞拉裙魚 Gephyrocharax venezuelae
- 惠氏裙魚 Gephyrocharax whaleri
- 藍身腺尾脂鯉 Glandulocauda caerulea
- 黑胸腺尾脂鯉 Glandulocauda melanopleura
- 巴西宮脂鯉 Hysteronotus megalostomus
- Lepidocharax burnsi
- Lepidocharax diamantina
- Monotocheirodon drilos Menezes, Weitzman & Quagio-Grassiotto, 2013
- Monotocheirodon duda Carvalho, Thomaz, Urbano-Bonilla & Prada-Pedreros, 2024[12]
- Monotocheirodon kontos Menezes, Weitzman & Quagio-Grassiotto, 2013
- 皮爾遜氏單寶蓮魚 Monotocheirodon pearsoni Eigenmann, 1924
- 單牙脂鯉 Odontostoechus lethostigmus
- 艾氏帆鰭脂鯉 Othonocheirodus eigenmanni
- 漢氏盜脂鯉 Phenacobrycon henni
- 飄然慈鬚魚 Piabarchus analis
- 急流慈鬚魚 Piabarchus torrenticola
- 布氏遊脂鯉 Planaltina britskii
- 巴西遊脂鯉 Planaltina glandipedis
- 邁氏遊脂鯉 Planaltina myersi
- 嵴腹脂鯉 Pseudocorynopoma doriae
- 異嵴腹脂鯉 Pseudocorynopoma heterandria
- Pseudocorynopoma stanleyi Malabarba, Chuctaya, Hirschmann, Oliveira & Thomaz, 2020[13]
- 喜溪褶脂鯉 Ptychocharax rhyacophila
- 梅氏瘦吻脂鯉 Rhinopetitia myersi
- 河灘瘦吻脂鯉 (Rhinopetitia potamorhachia]]
- Tetragonopterus anostomus
- 阿瓜亞河大眼脂鯉 Tetragonopterus araguaiensis
- 銀大眼脂鯉 Tetragonopterus argenteus Cuvier, 1816[14]
- 卡氏大眼脂鯉 Tetragonopterus carvalhoi
- 金大眼脂鯉 Tetragonopterus chalceus
- 小齒大眼脂鯉 Tetragonopterus denticulatus
- Tetragonopterus franciscoensis
- 喬氏大眼脂鯉 Tetragonopterus georgiae
- Tetragonopterus juruena
- Tetragonopterus kuluene
- Tetragonopterus ommatus
- 罕見大眼脂鯉 Tetragonopterus rarus
- Tetragonopterus signatus
- 斯氏頜脂鯉 Gnathocharax steindachneri
- 細紋異脂鯉 Heterocharax leptogrammus
- 大鱗異脂鯉 Heterocharax macrolepis
- 亞馬遜異脂鯉 Heterocharax virgulatus
- 戈氏武脂鯉 Hoplocharax goethei
- 穆氏擬麗脂鯉 Astyanacinus moorii
- 多牙擬麗脂鯉 Astyanacinus multidens
- 普拉滕擬麗脂鯉 Astyanacinus platensis
- Astyanacinus yariguies
- 南美小齧脂鯉 Bryconella pallidifrons (Fowler, 1946)
- 阿氏櫛嚙魚 Ctenobrycon alleni
- 祕魯櫛嚙魚 Ctenobrycon hauxwellianus
- 多輻櫛嚙魚 Ctenobrycon multiradiatus
- Ctenobrycon oliverai
- 斑點櫛嚙魚 Ctenobrycon spilurus
- 杏色咬齧魚 Dectobrycon armeniacus
- 似鯷鯡脂鯉 Engraulisoma taeniatum
- 麗頰脂鯉 Genycharax tarpon Eigenmann, 1912[15]
- Erythrocharax altipinnis Netto-Ferreira, Birindelli, de Sousa, Mariguela & Oliveira, 2013[16]
- 小口寡石脂鯉 Oligobrycon microstomus
- 尖吻寡脂鯉 Oligosarcus acutirostris
- 銀寡脂鯉 Oligosarcus argenteus
- 玻利維亞寡脂鯉 Oligosarcus bolivianus
- 短寡脂鯉 Oligosarcus brevioris
- 貪食寡脂鯉 Oligosarcus hepsetus
- 伊塔烏河寡脂鯉 Oligosarcus itau
- 傑卡河寡脂鯉 Oligosarcus jacuiensis
- 詹氏寡脂鯉 Oligosarcus jenynsii
- 長吻寡脂鯉 Oligosarcus longirostris
- 大鱗寡脂鯉 Oligosarcus macrolepis
- 米尼茲寡脂鯉 Oligosarcus menezesi
- 少鱗寡脂鯉 Oligosarcus oligolepis
- 巴那拉河寡脂鯉 Oligosarcus paranensis
- 巴西寡脂鯉 Oligosarcus perdido
- 平托氏寡脂鯉 Oligosarcus pintoi
- 南美寡脂鯉 Oligosarcus planaltinae
- 紅寡脂鯉 Oligosarcus robustus
- 謝氏寡脂鯉 Oligosarcus schindleri
- 沼澤寡脂鯉 Oligosarcus solitarius
- 阿氏霓虹脂鯉 Paracheirodon axelrodi ：又稱南美霓虹脂鯉、紅蓮燈。
- 霓虹脂鯉 Paracheirodon innesi ：又稱英氏霓虹脂鯉、日光燈。
- 類霓虹脂鯉 Paracheirodon simulans ：又稱綠蓮燈。
- 碧背莖齧脂鯉 Phallobrycon adenacanthus
- Pristella ariporo Conde-Saldaña, Albornoz-Garzón, García-Melo, Villa-Navarro, Mirande & Lima, 2019[17]
- 大顎細鋸脂鯉 Pristella maxillaris ：又稱大頷細鋸脂鯉。
- 奇口脂鯉 Probolodus heterostomus
- 大頭裂脂鯉 Scissor macrocephalus
- 盲眼冥脂鯉 Stygichthys typhlops
- 南美鰶脂鯉 Thrissobrycon pectinifer
- 南美齧齒魚 Tucanoichthys tucano Géry & Römer, 1997[18]
- Cyanogaster noctivaga Mattox, Britz, Toledo-Piza & Marinho, 2013[19]
- Phycocharax rasbora Ohara, Mirande & Lima, 2017[21]
Vitor Pimenta Abrahão, Murilo Pastana and Manoela Marinho. 2019. On A Remarkable Sexual Dimorphic Trait in the Characiformes related to the Olfactory Organ and Description of A New Miniature Species of Tyttobrycon Géry (Characiformes: Characidae). PLoS ONE. 14(12): e0226130. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226130
Erick Cristofore Guimarães, Pâmella Silva De Brito, Beldo Rywllon Abreu Ferreira and Felipe Polivanov Ottoni. 2018. A New Species of Charax (Ostariophysi, Characiformes, Characidae) from northeastern Brazil. Zoosystematics and Evolution. 94(1): 83-93. DOI: 10.3897/zse.94.22106
Malabarba, L.R.; Weitzman, S.H. (1999). A new genus and species of South American fishes (Teleostei: Characidae: Cheirodontinae) with a derived caudal fin, including comments about inseminating cheirodontines. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 112: 410-431.
Cristina M. Bührnheim, Tiago P. Carvalho, Luiz R. Malabarba and Stanley H. Weitzman. 2008. A New Genus and Species of Characid Fish from the Amazon Basin - the Recognition of A Relictual Lineage of Characid Fishes (Ostariophysi: Cheirodontinae: Cheirodontini). Neotrop. ichthyol. 6(4); DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252008000400016
Pearson, N. E. (1924). The fishes of the eastern slope of the Andes. I. The fishes of the Rio Beni basin, Bolivia, collected by the Mulford expedition. Indiana University Studies. v. 11 (no. 64): 1-83, Pls. 1-12.
Bragança, P.H.N.d., Barbosa, M.A. & Mattos, J.L. 2013. A New Nematocharax Species from the middle Contas River basin, Northeastern Brazil (Characiformes: Characidae). Vertebrate Zoology. 63 (1): 3-8.
Weitzman, S. H.; Menezes, N. A.; Britski, H. A. (1986). Nematocharax venustus, a new genus and species of fish from the Rio Jequitinhonha, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 99 (2): 335-346.
James R. Garcia-Ayala, Willian M. Ohara, Murilo N. L. Pastana and Ricardo C. Benine. 2017. A New Species of Brachychalcinus (Characiformes: Characidae) from the rio Xingu basin, Serra do Cachimbo, Brazil. Zootaxa. 4362(4); 564–574. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4362.4.5
Tiago P. Carvalho, Andréa Tonolli Thomaz, Alexander Urbano-Bonilla and Saúl Prada-Pedreros. 2024. A New characid Species with remarkable sexual dimorphism (Characiformes: Characidae: Stevardiinae) from the upper Guayabero River, Orinoco basin, Colombia. Journal of Fish Biology. DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15738
Luiz R. Malabarba, Junior Chuctaya, Alice Hirschmann, Eduardo Bitencourt de Oliveira and Andréa T. Thomaz. 2020. Hidden or unnoticed? Multiple Lines of Evidence Support the Recognition of A New Species of Pseudocorynopoma (Characidae: Corynopomini). Journal of Fish Biology. DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14572
Silva, Gabriel S. C., Bruno F. Melo, Claudio Oliveira and Ricardo C. Benine. 2016. Revision of the South American Genus Tetragonopterus Cuvier, 1816 (Teleostei: Characidae) with Description of Four New Species. Zootaxa. 4200(1); 1–46. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4200.1.1
Eigenmann, C. H. (1912). Some results from an ichthyological reconnaissance of Colombia, South America. Part I. (Contrib. Zool. Lab. Ind. Univ. No. 127.). Indiana University Studies. No. 16 [sic No. 8]: 1-27.
Netto-Ferreira, A.L., Birindelli, J.L.O., de Sousa, L.M., Mariguela, T.C. & Oliveira, C. 2013. A New Miniature Characid (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Characidae), with Phylogenetic Position Inferred from Morphological and Molecular Data. PLoS ONE
Cristhian C. Conde-Saldaña, Juan G. Albornoz-Garzón, Jorge E. García-Melo, Francisco A. Villa-Navarro, J. Marcos Mirande and Flávio C. T. Lima. 2019. A New Pristella (Characiformes: Characidae) from the Río Orinoco Basin, Colombia, with A Redefinition of the Genus. Copeia. 107(3); 439-446. DOI: 10.1643/CI-18-147
George M. T. Mattox and Kevin W. Conway. 2021. Osteology of Tucanoichthys tucano Géry and Römer, An Enigmatic Miniature Fish from the Amazon Basin, Brazil (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae). Vertebrate Zoology. 71: 645-667. DOI: 10.3897/vz.71.e71886
Mattox, G.M.T., Britz, R., Toledo-Piza, M. & Marinho, M.M.F. 2013. Cyanogaster noctivaga, a remarkable new genus and species of miniature fish from the Rio Negro, Amazon basin (Ostariophysi: Characidae). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters. 23(4), 297-318.
Richard P. Vari, Bruno F. Melo and Claudio Oliveira. 2016. Protocheirodon, A New Genus of Characidae (Teleostei: Characiformes) with the Redescription of the Poorly Known Protocheirodon pi. Neotrop. ichthyol. 14(2); DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20150154
Willian Massaharu Ohara, Juan Marcos Mirande and Flávio Cesar Thadeo de Lima. 2017. Phycocharax rasbora, A New Genus and Species of Brazilian Tetra (Characiformes: Characidae) from Serra do Cachimbo, rio Tapajós Basin. PLoS Biology. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170648
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