物種庫

物種庫（英語：species pool）是一個生態學和生物地理學概念，指所有可能在特定棲息地定殖和棲息的物種。^[1][2]該概念強調「本地群落不是封閉系統，而占據任何局部區域的物種通常都來自其他地方」這一事實；但是，物種庫概念可能存在邏輯上的合成謬誤。^[3]然而，大多數局部群落的確只有物種庫的一小部分。該概念源自麥克阿瑟（MacArthur）和威爾遜（Wilson）的島嶼生物地理學理論，該理論考察了影響孤立自然群落物種豐富度的因素。它有助於了解地方群落的組成和豐富度，以及大時空尺度上作用的生物地理和進化過程如何對其產生影響。^[1]物種庫中缺失的部分——暗多樣性——已應用於理解影響當地群落的過程。^[4]估算潛在但尚未出現的物種數量的方法也正在被研究。^[4]

據推測，物種豐富度與植物群落物種庫的大小之間可能存在直接相關性。^[5]在其他地方，有報告認為「取捨權衡和物種庫結構（大小和性狀分布）決定了植物生產力-多樣性關係的形態。^[6]

參考文獻

1. Howard V. Cornell; Susan P. Harrison. What Are Species Pools and When Are They Important?. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics. 2014, 45 (1): 651. doi:10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-120213-091759.
2. Zobel, M. The species pool concept as a framework for studying patterns of plant diversity. Journal of Vegetation Science. 2016, 27: 8–18. doi:10.1111/jvs.12333.
3. Jeremy Fox. Species pools and the fallacy of composition. 2011 [2022-05-07]. （原始內容存檔於2020-12-04）. in any complete explanation of local community structure, the properties of the species pool won’t be exogenously determined. There’s nowhere on earth that’s external to community ecology; every population of every species is and always has been part of some local community somewhere
4. Pärtel, M.; Szava-Kovats, R; Zobel, M. Dark diversity: shedding light on absent species. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 2011, 26 (3): 124–128. PMID 21195505. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2010.12.004.
5. Eriksson, Ove. The Species-Pool Hypothesis and Plant Community Diversity. Oikos. 1993, 68 (2): 371–374. ISSN 0030-1299. JSTOR 3544854. doi:10.2307/3544854. High species diversity is expected when the existing species-pool contains many species, and comparatively low species diversity will be found when the species-pool is small.
6. Chalmandrier, Loïc; Albouy, Camille; Pellissier, Loïc. Species pool distributions along functional trade-offs shape plant productivity–diversity relationships. Scientific Reports. 2017-11-13, 7 (1): 15405. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 5684142 . PMID 29133911. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-15334-4.