波菲利 (哲學家)

波菲利（希臘語：Πορφύριος，羅馬化：Porphýrios；阿拉伯語：فرفوريوس‎，羅馬化：Furfūriyūs；讀音：/ˈpɔːrfɪri/；約234年—約305年）是在羅馬統治期間出生在泰爾的新柏拉圖哲學家。^[a]

波菲利
出生	約234年
逝世	約305年
著名思想	波菲利之樹, 對基督教的批評, 素食主義

他撰寫了涉及許多主題的作品，涵蓋音樂、荷馬以及素食主義。^[b]他編輯並出版了《九章集（英語：The Enneads）》，這是有關他的老師普羅提諾著作的唯一合集。他對歐幾里得的幾何原本評論曾被帕普斯引用^[1]。他的著作《導論（英語：Isagoge）》在中世紀被認為是邏輯學和哲學的入門書和教科書，^[c]並被翻譯成拉丁語和阿拉伯語。^[2][3]波菲利是一名反基督教人士，著有《Philosophy from Oracles》和《反對基督徒》（Against the Christians） 等反基督教著作。《反對基督徒》後來甚至被君士坦丁大帝所取締^[4]。

參考文獻

腳註

1. For Porphyry's dates, place of birth and philosophical school, see Barker 2003，第1226–1227頁. Sarton 1936，第429–430頁 identifies Transjordania as Porphyry's place of birth.
2. For a comprehensive list see Beutler (1894–1980); Guthrie 1988，第91頁 provides another list
3. Barnes 2003，第xv頁 clarifies that the Isagoge "[was] not an Introduction to the Categories, rather "[since it was] an introduction to the study of logic, [it] was... an introduction to philosophy--and hence accidentally an introduction to the Categories."

引文

1. 約翰·J·奧康納; 埃德蒙·F·羅伯遜, Porphyry Malchus, MacTutor數學史檔案 （英語）
2. Barnes 2003.
3. Clarke 1989.
4. Digeser 1998.

資料來源

• Barker, A. Porphyry. Hornblower, S.; Spawforth, A. (編). Oxford Classical Dictionary revised 3rd. 2003: 1226–1227.
• Barnes, Jonathan. Porphyry: Introduction. Oxford: Clarendon. 2003 [2020-02-24]. （原始內容存檔於2020-01-05）.
• Barnes, Jonathan. Method and Metaphysics: Essays in Ancient Philosophy. Volume I. Oxford: OUP. 2011 [2020-02-24]. ISBN 978-0-19-957751-4. （原始內容存檔於2016-05-02）.
• Beutler, R. (1894–1980). "Porphyrios (21)" in A. Pauly, G. Wissowa, W. Kroll, K. Witte, K. Mittelhaus and K. Ziegler, eds., Paulys Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft, vol. 22.1.
• Clarke, Gillian. Iamblichus : On the Pythagorean Life. Liverpool University Press. 1989 [2020-02-24]. ISBN 978-0-85323-326-8. （原始內容存檔於2020-01-24）.
• Digeser, Elizabeth DePalma. Lactantius, Porphyry, and the Debate over Religious Toleration. Journal of Roman Studies. 1998, 88: 129–146. ISSN 0075-4358. doi:10.2307/300808.
• Froom, LeRoy. The Prophetic Faith of our Fathers (PDF). Volume 1. Washington, DC: Review and Herald. 1950 [2020-02-24]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2020-09-27）.
• Guthrie, Kenneth Sylvan. The Works of Porphyry. Porphyry's Launching-points to the realm of mind: an introduction to the neoplatonic philosophy of Plotinus. Phanes Press. 1988 [2020-02-24]. ISBN 978-0-933999-59-6. （原始內容存檔於2020-01-09）. also available at tertullian.org （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
• Hadot, P. Philosophy as a Way of Life. Oxford: Blackwell. 1995.
• Johnson, Aaron. Rethinking the Authenticity of Porphyry, c.Christ. fr. 1,. Studia Patristica. 2010, 46: 53–58.
• Johnson, Aaron P. Religion and Identity in Porphyry of Tyre: The Limits of Hellenism in Late Antiquity. Cambridge University Press. 2013 [2020-02-24]. ISBN 978-1-107-01273-8. （原始內容存檔於2019-12-19）.
• Notopoulos, James A. Porphyry's Life of Plato. Classical Philology. 1940, 35 (3): 284–293. ISSN 0009-837X. doi:10.1086/362396.
• Rahman, F. ʿARAŻ. Encyclopaedia Iranica. Vol. II, Fasc. 3: 271–273. 1986 [2020-02-24]. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-18）.
• Sarton, G. The Unity and Diversity of the Mediterranean World. Osiris. 1936, 2: 406–463. doi:10.1086/368462.
• Sadaune, Samuel. Inventions et decouvertes au Moyen-Age [Inventions and Discoveries of the Middle Ages]. Ouest-France. 2014. ISBN 9782737362415 （法語）.
• Socrates Scholasticus.  Historia Ecclesiastica. 維基文庫. 1885, Book I, Ch 9, pp. 30-31.
• Socrates Scholasticus.  Historia Ecclesiastica. 維基文庫. 1885b, Book III, Ch 23.
• Stevenson, James. A New Eusebius: Documents Illustrating the History of the Church to AD 337. SPCK. 1987 [2020-02-24]. ISBN 978-0-281-04268-5. （原始內容存檔於2020-01-08）.
• Wilken, R. Pagan Criticism of Christianity: Greek Religion and Christian Faith. Schoedel and, W.; Wilken, R. (編). Early Christian Literature and the Classical Intellectual Tradition. 1979: 117–134.

更多閱讀

• Bidez, J. (1913). Vie de Porphyre. Ghent.
• Clark, Gillian, "Porphyry of Tyre on the New Barbarians," in R. Miles (ed), Constructing Identities in Late Antiquity (London: Routledge, 1999), 112–132; = in Eadem, Body and Gender, Soul and Reason in Late Antiquity (Farnham; Burlington, VT, Ashgate, 2011) (Variorum collected studies series, CS978), art. XIV.
• Clark, Gillian, "Philosophic Lives and the philosophic life: Porphyry and Iamblichus," in T. Hägg and P. Rousseau (eds), Greek Biography and Panegyric in Late Antiquity (Berkeley and Los Angeles, University of California Press, 2000), 29–51; = in Eadem, Body and Gender, Soul and Reason in Late Antiquity (Farnham; Burlington, VT, Ashgate, 2011) (Variorum collected studies series, CS978), art. XV.
• Clark, Gillian, "Fattening the soul: Christian asceticism and Porphyry On Abstinence," Studia Patristica, 35, 2001, 41-51; = in Eadem, Body and Gender, Soul and Reason in Late Antiquity (Farnham; Burlington, VT, Ashgate, 2011) (Variorum collected studies series, CS978), art. XVI.
• Emilsson, E., "Porphyry" （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. Retrieved April 19, 2009.
• Iamblichus: De mysteriis. Translated with an Introduction and Notes by Emma C. Clarke, John M. Dillon and Jackson P. Hershbell (Society of Biblical Literature; 2003) ISBN 1-58983-058-X.
• Girgenti, G. (1987) Porfirio negli ultimi cinquant'anni: bibliografia sistematica e ragionata della letteratura primaria e secondaria riguardante il pensiero porfiriano e i suoi influssi storici Milan.
• Smith, Andrew (1987) Porphyrian Studies since 1913, in W. Haase, ed., Aufstieg und Niedergang der Römischen Welt II.36.2, pp. 717–773.
• Smith, Andrew (1974) Porphyry's Place in the Neoplatonic Tradition. A Study in post-Plotinian Neoplatonism, The Hague, Nijhoff.
• Zuiddam, B. A. "Old Critics and Modern Theology," Dutch Reformed Theological Journal (South Africa), xxxvi, 1995, No. 2.

外部連結

• • 維基共享資源上的相關多媒體資源：波菲利
  • 波菲利 (哲學家)收錄於維基文庫中的作品
  •  希臘語維基文庫中與本條目相關的原始文獻：Πορφύριος
  • 維基語錄上有關波菲利 (哲學家)的語錄
  • Porphyry Malchus (mathematician) – entry in MacTutor History of Maths Archives.
  • Emilsson, Eyjólfur. Porphyry. 扎爾塔, 愛德華·N (編). 《史丹佛哲学百科全书》..
  • Περὶ τοῦ ἐν Ὀδυσσείᾳ τῶν Νυμφῶν Ἄντρου (The Cave of the Nymphs in the Odyssey), original Greek text.
  • Εἰσαγωγὴ εἰς τὴν Ἀποτελεσματικὴν τοῦ Πτολεμαίου (Introduction to Ptolemy's Tetrabiblos), original Greek text.
  • Porphyry, On Abstinence from Animal Food, Book I （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, translated by Thomas Taylor（英語：Thomas Taylor (neoplatonist)）.
  • Porphyry, On Abstinence from Animal Food, Book II （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, translated by Thomas Taylor.
  • Porphyry, On Abstinence from Animal Food, Book III （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, translated by Thomas Taylor.
  • Porphyry, On Abstinence from Animal Food, Book IV （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, translated by Thomas Taylor.
  • Porphyry, On the Cave of Nymphs （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, translated by Thomas Taylor.
  • Porphyry, Auxiliaries to the Perception of Intelligible Natures, translated by Thomas Taylor.
  • Porphyry, Isagoge （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, translated by Octavius Freire Owen.
  • The Isagoge, or Introduction of Porphyry, translated by Thomas Taylor with an extensive preface by the translator.
  • Porphyry, On the Life of Plotinus （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
  • Porphyry, Comments on the Book of Daniel. （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
  • Additional texts, edited by Roger Pearse （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
  • 來自波菲利的LibriVox公共領域有聲讀物