福利經濟學中,次優理論(英語:Theory of the second best),又稱次佳理論,是用來處理當一項或多項柏拉圖效率條件無法達成時,所發生的經濟狀況。這個理論最早在理查德·利普西(Richard Lipsey)與凱爾文·蘭開斯特(Kelvin Lancaster)在1956年提出的論文〈次優的一般理論〉(The General Theory of Second Best)中被提出。

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