帕加馬祭壇
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別迦摩祭壇(古希臘語:Βωμός τῆς Περγάμου)是一座宏偉的建築,興建於公元前2世紀上半葉國王歐邁尼斯二世統治時期,位於小亞細亞帕加馬古城的衛城。其復原物陳列在柏林博物館島的佩加蒙博物館。
這座建築寬35.64米,前後進深33.4米;單是前面的樓梯就寬約20米。基座上的浮雕描繪巨人與奧林匹斯十二主神之間的戰鬥,稱為「巨人戰役」(Gigantomachia)。
1878年,德國工程師卡爾Humann開始在帕加馬衛城正式發掘,一直持續到1886年,使衛城的一些古建築物重見天日。在與土耳其政府的談判中,同意將當時發現的所有碎片成為柏林博物館的財產。
在柏林,意大利修復者對數千碎片進行了復原。為了展出這一成果,於1901年在柏林的博物館島建立了一座新的博物館。但是第一座別迦摩博物館不敷使用,結構也不合理,於是在1909年被拆毀,代之以目前大得多的博物館,於1930年開放。雖然它收藏了各種藏品,尤其是復原的古巴比倫伊什塔爾城門,該市的居民仍然根據復原祭壇的西立面,將新博物館稱為別迦摩博物館。
參考文獻
- Both friezes can be viewed in their entirety and in excellent quality in an interactive Flash Viewer at https://web.archive.org/web/20131126191134/http://secondpage.de/pergamonaltar/gigantomachie.html
- Many segments of both friezes can be viewed at http://worldvisitguide.com (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- Pollitt, J.J., Art in the Hellenstic Age (Cambridge 1986)
- Queyrel, François, L'Autel de Pergame. Images et pouvoir en Grèce d'Asie. Antiqua vol. 9. Paris: Éditions A. et J. Picard, 2005. See Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2005.08.42.
- Ridgway, B.S. 2000. Hellenistic Sculpture II. The Styles of ca. 200-100 BC, (Madison, Wisconsin)
- Stewart, A. 2000. "Pergamon Ara Marmorea Magna. On the Date, Reconstruction, and Functions of the Great Altar of Pergamon" in N. De Grummond and B.S. Ridgway, editors, From Pergamon to Sperlonga: Sculpture and Context (Berkeley).
- Hoffmann, Herbert, "Antecedents of the Great Altar at Pergamon" The Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 11.3 (October 1952), pp. 1–5.
- Thomas Cramer, Klaus Germann, Wolf-Dieter Heilmeyer: Marble objects from Asia Minor in the Berlin Collection of Classical Antiquities: stone characteristics and provenance − In: Yannis Maniatis (Hrsg.): ASMOSIA VII. The Study of Marble and Other Stones in Antiquity – Proceedings of the 7th International Conference of the Association for the Study of Marble and Other Stones in Antiquity. Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique, Vol. Supplèment 51, Athen 2009, ISSN 0007-4217, pp. 371–383.
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