後金的建立者努爾哈赤死時,皇太極繼承大汗位置,但與其他三位親王一同主持朝政。因大汗與另三位親王在天命年間(1616年-1626年)均被冊封為旗主和碩貝勒,故此段時期被稱為四大貝勒時期。按年資齒序,大貝勒禮親王代善、二貝勒阿敏、三貝勒莽古爾泰、四貝勒皇太極,四人統稱為四大貝勒

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