這個城市是伊庇魯斯Despotate的一部分,並於1336年首次由ArgyrokastroJohn VI Kantakouzenos提及。[10]第一次提到阿爾巴尼亞族游牧團體發生在14世紀初,他們在那裡尋找新的牧場和破壞該地區的定居點。[11] These Albanians had entered the region and took advantage of the situation after the Black death had decimated the local Epirote population.[11]在1386年至1417年期間,它在伊庇魯斯的統治者和阿爾巴尼亞約翰澤內維西的氏族之間有爭議。[12]在1399年,該城市的希臘居民加入了伊庇魯斯的暴君Esau組織,以對抗阿爾巴尼亞族和阿蒙羅族的部落成員。[13]在1417年它成為奧斯曼帝國的一部分,並於1419年成為阿爾巴尼亞Sanjak縣城。[14]在阿爾巴尼亞1432-36年的起義期間,它被托皮亞·齊內維西下的部隊包圍,但反叛分子被圖拉漢貝領導的鄂圖曼軍隊擊敗。[15]在十七世紀七十年代,當地貴族曼托斯帕帕吉尼斯和帕諾斯凱斯托利科斯與神聖同盟負責人討論了作為希臘和阿爾巴尼亞被奴役的希臘代表,約翰奧地利和其他各種歐洲統治者,反鄂圖曼帝國武裝鬥爭的可能性,但這一舉措毫無結果。[16][17][18]
Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière. Migrations and Invasions in Greece and Adjacent Areas. Noyes Press. 1976: 153 [2018-04-30]. ISBN 9780815550471. (原始內容存檔於2020-06-09). 南部巴爾克地區古墓葬的連接與庫克斯或Mati tumuli不同,但與Vajze和南阿爾巴尼亞的古墓葬相近。例如,在長青銅色的針腳,滾頂針,雙容器中。 手柄由一個橫桿分開,以及一個早期類型的小眼鏡腓骨。 此外,巴爾克典型的'西北幾何風格'的陶器現在不在北部,而是在阿爾巴尼亞的中部和南部以及此時的約阿尼納平原。 Shkumbi山谷南部和Ochrid湖的人們很可能會講西北希臘語,當移民將許多親屬帶入希臘半島時留下的殘留物。
The Cambridge Ancient History: pt. 1. The prehistory of the Balkans; and the Middle East and the Aegean world, tenth to eighth centuries B.C. Cambridge University Press. 1982: 284 (英語). Inscriptional evidence of the Chaones is lacking until the Hellenistic period; but Ps.-Scylax, describing the situation of c. 580-560, put the southern limit of the Illyrians just north of the Chaones, which indicates that the Chaones did not speak Illyrian and the acceptance of the Chaones into the Epirote Alliance in the 330s suggests strongly that they were Greek-speaking
Giakoumis, Konstantinos (2003), Fourteenth-century Albanian migration and the 『relative autochthony』 of the Albanians in Epeiros. The case of Gjirokastër. (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)" Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies. 27. (1). p. 179: "The Albanians originating... According to the sources, there were two migrant groups, the one which travelled via Ohrid and ended in Thessaly while the other, moving through Kelcyre, reached Gjirokaster and the despotate. The purpose of their occupation was to search for new pasture lands. The combination of fertile plains and mountains rich in grasslands in the region of Gjirokaster was ideal for the poor nomadic Albanians who did not hesitate to ravage cities when they lacked provisions.."; p. 182. "Furthermore, I presented evidence that the in the fourteenth century immigrant Albanians taking advantage of the decimation of the local Epirote population by to the Black death also migrated into the regions of Gjirokastër."
Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière. Migrations and Invasions in Greece and Adjacent Areas. Noyes Press. 1976: 61 [2018-04-30]. ISBN 9780815550471. (原始內容存檔於2020-06-09) (英語). There the Greek pocket of resistance, which preserved the Greek language even when its ruler was Serb or Italian, was the plateau of Ioannina and its hinterland... When Isaou, the Italian ruler of Ioannina, passed to the offensive in 1399, he had already won over the Mazarakii (Albanians) and the Malakasaei (perhaps Vlach- speakers) and he recruited Greeks evidently from Zagori, Papingo (above Konitsa), and "Druinoupolis with Argyrokastro and the great Zagoria" (probably the high country northwest of Argyrokastro, of which a part is still called Zagorie).
Vakalopoulos, Apostolos Euangelou. History of Macedonia, 1354–1833. Institute for Balkan Studies. 1973: 195 [2018-04-30]. (原始內容存檔於2018-09-28). The endeavours of two Epirote Greeks, Matthew (or Manthos) Papayiannis and Panos Kestolnikos, are worthy of mention at this point. As "Greek representatives of enslaved Greece and Albania", they came to an understanding with Don John of Austria..
Cini, Giorgio. Il Mediterraneo Nella Seconda Metà Del '500 Alla Luce Di Lepanto. Leo S. Olschki. 1974: 238 [2018-04-30]. (原始內容存檔於2018-09-28) (意大利語). Delusi rimasero pure i ribelli dell'Epiro del Nord, dove si erano sollevati i notabili greci di Argirocastron Manthos Papagiannis e Panos Kestolicos. Questi notabili si erano accordati con l'arcivescovo di Ochrida Ioachim ed anche con alcuni metropolis della Macedonia occidentale e dell'Epiro, si erano assicurati promesse di Don Juan per un sostegno armato... [Disappointed were also the rebels of Northern Epirus, where they had raised the Greek notables of Argirocastron Manthos Papagiannis and Panos Kestolicos. These chiefs had agreed with the Archbishop of Ochrida Ioachim and also with some metropolitans of western Macedonia and Epirus, and had secured promises of Don Juan for armed support...]
Kokolakis, Mihalis (2003). ([//web.archive.org/web/20170201125340/http://helios-eie.ekt.gr/EIE/bitstream/10442/8080/1/N01.074.0.pdf 頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館) Το ύστερο Γιαννιώτικο Πασαλίκι: χώρος, διοίκηση και πληθυσμός στην τουρκοκρατούμενη Ηπειρο (1820–1913) [The late Pashalik of Ioannina: Space, administration and population in Ottoman ruled Epirus (1820–1913)]. EIE-ΚΝΕ. p.52. "β. Ο διεσπαρμένος ελληνόφωνος πληθυσμός περιλάμβανε... και μικρό αριθμό οικογενειών στα αστικά κέντρα του Αργυροκάστρου και της Αυλώνας. [b. The scattered Greek-speaking population included ... and a small number of families in the cities of Gjirokastra and Vlora.]"; p. 54. "Η μουσουλμανική κοινότητα της Ηπείρου, με εξαίρεση τους μικρούς αστικούς πληθυσμούς των νότιων ελληνόφωνων περιοχών, τους οποίους προαναφέραμε, και τις δύο με τρεις χιλιάδες διεσπαρμένους «Τουρκόγυφτους», απαρτιζόταν ολοκληρωτικά από αλβανόφωνους, και στα τέλη της Τουρκοκρατίας κάλυπτε τα 3/4 περίπου του πληθυσμού των αλβανόφωνων περιοχών και περισσότερο από το 40% του συνόλου. [The Muslim community in Epirus, with the exception of small urban populations of the southern Greek-speaking areas, which we mentioned, and 2-3000 dispersed "Muslim Romani", consisted entirely of Albanian speakers, and in the late Ottoman period covered approximately 3/4 of population ethnic Albanian speaking areas and more than 40% of the total area."; pp.55–56. "Σ' αυτά τα μέρη οι μουσουλμανικές κοινότητες, όταν υπήρχαν, περιορίζονταν στο συμπαγή πληθυσμό ορισμένων πόλεων και κωμοπόλεων (Αργυρόκαστρο, Λιμπόχοβο, Λεσκοβίκι, Δέλβινο, Παραμυθιά). [In these parts of the Muslim communities, where present, were limited to compact population of certain towns and cities (Gjirokastra, Libohovë, Leskovik, Delvino, Paramythia)." p. 91. Στο Αργυρόκαστρο οι Αλβανιστές διασπάστηκαν ανάμεσα στους φιλελεύθερους της πόλης, που ζητούσαν τη συνεργασία με τους Έλληνες, και στα ακραία εθνικιστικά στοιχεία, που σχημάτισαν στην ύπαιθρο ανταρτικές ομάδες. [The Albanians of Gjirokastër were split between the liberals of the city, calling for cooperation with the Greeks, and the extreme nationalist elements, which formed in the countryside as guerrilla groups.]"; pp. 370, 374.
Ali, Çaksu (2006). Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Islamic Civilisation in the Balkans, Tirana, Albania, 4–7 December 2003 (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館). Research Center for Islamic History, Art and Culture. p. 115. "At least since the middle of the nineteenth century; families or individuals from Gjirokastër (the Ottoman Ergiri or Ergiri Kasrı) in Southern Albania, and from Libohova, a small town located twenty kilometers from Gjirokastër, gave a huge number of Kadıs, who were in charge in the whole Ottoman Empire, making of these two localities important centres of Islamic culture."
Nitsiakos, Vassilis; Mantzos, Constantinos. Negotiating Culture: Political Uses of Polyphonic Folk Songs in Greece and Albania. Tziovas, Demetres (編). Greece and the Balkans: Identities, Perceptions and Cultural Encounters. Aldershot, England: Ashgate Publishing. 2003: 197. ISBN 0-7546-0998-7.
Pettifer, James; Poulton, Hugh. " The Southern Balkans. London: Minority Rights Group International. 1994: 29. ISBN 9781897693759. Under communism the Greek minority was subject to serious human rights abuses, particularly in terms of religious freedom, education in the Greek language and freedom of publication. It played a leading part in the struggle to end the one party state, with the demolition of the monumental statue of Enver Hoxha in Gjirokastra in August 1991 an important landmark