世界基督教

世界基督教（英語：World Christianity，可釋作世界基督宗教或普世基督教）或 全球基督教（Global Christianity）是個學術名詞，它嘗試表達基督教的全球化特質，尤其著重「非西方基督教」在基督教信仰上的詮釋，即「全球南方」(The Global South)地域，如亞洲、非洲和拉丁美洲等大洲對基督教的理解。^[1]此外，這詞也嘗試了解散落在西歐和北美洲的本土基督教信仰。^[2]

歷史

「世界基督教」此詞最早出現於法蘭西·約翰·麥康諾在1929年的文獻^[3]和亨利·P·范杜森在1947年的文獻。^[4]宣教歷史學家肯尼思．斯科特．賴德烈也曾以「世界基督教團契」^[5]和「世界基督教群體」^[6]等類似名詞表達相近意思。對這些學者來說，世界基督教本應用作宣揚基督教宣教觀和教會合一, 但是在第二次世界大戰後，由於去殖民化和國家獨立等事件，宣教事工在許多國家如北韓、中國以及部份亞洲和非洲國家已停頓，世界基督教此名詞也因此而失去了原有的概念。^[7]

現在此名詞已甚少強調宣教和教會合一。^[7]然而，由於很多歷史學家意識到廿世紀基督教的「全球轉移」(Global Shift), 即基督教的重心由歐洲和北美洲等地轉移至全球南方,^[8]^[9]^[10]現在「世界基督教」多用作形容基督教在二千多年歷史中的多樣性。^[7]

另一個與「世界基督教」相關的名詞是「全球基督教」。對學者拉明·珊拿來說，「全球基督教」是一種歐洲認知的基督教，只強調複製歐洲的基督教模式，而對比起來,「世界基督教」更能對基督教福音的多樣性作出本土回應。^[11]

著名學者

世界基督教的著名學者包括安德魯·華爾斯、^[12] 拉明·珊拿^[13] 、拜仁·士丹利^[14]和黛娜·羅伯特。前三位學者均活躍於「宣教運動與世界基督教耶魯-愛丁堡群組」。^[15]近期，克勞斯·科施尼克和「慕尼黑學派」裡的世界基督教學科也嘗試研究世界基督教的多樣性。^[16] 除了這幾個歷史學家外，最近也有不少神學家嘗試從系統神學的角度理解世界基督教，如靈恩派的韋利馬蒂·卡維里^[17]和天主教的潘彼得。^[18]

參考文獻

[1]
Kim, Sebastian; Kim, Kirsteen. Christianity as a World Religion. London: Continuum. 2008: 2.
[2]
Hanciles, Jehu. Beyond Christendom: Globalization, African Migration, and the Transformation of the West. Orbis Books. 2008. ISBN 978-1-60833-103-1.
[3]
McConnell, Francis John. Human needs and world Christianity. New York: Friendship Press. 1929.
[4]
Van Dusen, Henry P. World Christianity: Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow. New York: Abingdon-Cokesbury Press. 1947.
[5]
Latourette, Kenneth Scott. Toward a world Christian fellowship. New York: Association Press. 1938.
[6]
Latourette, Kenneth Scott. The Emergence of a World Christian Community. New Haven: Yale University Press. 1949.
[7]
Phan, Peter C. World Christianity: Its Implications for History, Religious Studies, and Theology. Horizons. 2012, 2 (39): 171–188.
[8]
Walls, Andrew F. Missionary Movement in Christian History: Studies in the Transmission of Faith. Orbis Books. 1996. ISBN 978-1-60833-106-2.
[9]
Robert, Dana L. Shifting Southward: Global Christianity Since 1945. International Bulletin of Missionary Research. April 2000, 2 (24): 50–58.
[10]
Jenkins, Philip. The Next Christendom: The Coming of Global Christianity. New York: Oxford University Press. 2011. ISBN 9780199767465.
[11]
Lamin, Sanneh. Whose Religion Is Christianity?: The Gospel Beyond the West. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. 2003: 22–23. ISBN 978-0-8028-2164-5.
[12]
Burrows, William R.; Gornik, Mark R.; McLean, Janice A., eds. Understanding World Christianity: The Vision and Work of Andrew F. Walls.. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books.
[13]
Akinade, Akintunde E., ed. A New Day: Essays on World Christianity in Honor of Lamin Sanneh. New York: Peter Lang. 2010.
[14]
School of Divinity, University of Edinburgh. Professor Brian Stanley. [9 September 2017]. （原始內容存檔於2021-06-14）.
[15]
Yale-Edinburgh Group. Yale Divinity Library. [9 September 2017]. （原始內容存檔於2019-01-01）.
[16]
Hermann, Adrian; Burlacioiu, Ciprian. Introduction: Klaus Koschorke and the "Munich School" Perspective on the History of World Christianity. Journal of World Christianity. 2016, 1 (6): 4–27. doi:10.5325/jworlchri.6.1.0004.
[17]
Yong, Amos. Whither Evangelical Theology? The Work of Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen as a Case Study of Contemporary Trajectories". The Dialogical Spirit: Christian Reason and Theological Method in the Third Millennium. Cambridge: James Clark and Co. 2015: 121–148.
[18]
Phan, Peter C. Doing Theology in World Christianity: Different Resources and New Methods. Journal of World Christianity. 2008, 1 (1): 27–53. doi:10.5325/jworlchri.1.1.0027.

[1] [1]
Kim, Sebastian; Kim, Kirsteen. Christianity as a World Religion. London: Continuum. 2008: 2.

[2] [2]
Hanciles, Jehu. Beyond Christendom: Globalization, African Migration, and the Transformation of the West. Orbis Books. 2008. ISBN 978-1-60833-103-1.

[3] [3]
McConnell, Francis John. Human needs and world Christianity. New York: Friendship Press. 1929.

[4] [4]
Van Dusen, Henry P. World Christianity: Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow. New York: Abingdon-Cokesbury Press. 1947.

[5] [5]
Latourette, Kenneth Scott. Toward a world Christian fellowship. New York: Association Press. 1938.

[6] [6]
Latourette, Kenneth Scott. The Emergence of a World Christian Community. New Haven: Yale University Press. 1949.

[:0-7] [7]
Phan, Peter C. World Christianity: Its Implications for History, Religious Studies, and Theology. Horizons. 2012, 2 (39): 171–188.

[8] [8]
Walls, Andrew F. Missionary Movement in Christian History: Studies in the Transmission of Faith. Orbis Books. 1996. ISBN 978-1-60833-106-2.

[9] [9]
Robert, Dana L. Shifting Southward: Global Christianity Since 1945. International Bulletin of Missionary Research. April 2000, 2 (24): 50–58.

[10] [10]
Jenkins, Philip. The Next Christendom: The Coming of Global Christianity. New York: Oxford University Press. 2011. ISBN 9780199767465.

[11] [11]
Lamin, Sanneh. Whose Religion Is Christianity?: The Gospel Beyond the West. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. 2003: 22–23. ISBN 978-0-8028-2164-5.

[12] [12]
Burrows, William R.; Gornik, Mark R.; McLean, Janice A., eds. Understanding World Christianity: The Vision and Work of Andrew F. Walls.. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books.

[13] [13]
Akinade, Akintunde E., ed. A New Day: Essays on World Christianity in Honor of Lamin Sanneh. New York: Peter Lang. 2010.

[14] [14]
School of Divinity, University of Edinburgh. Professor Brian Stanley. [9 September 2017]. （原始內容存檔於2021-06-14）.

[15] [15]
Yale-Edinburgh Group. Yale Divinity Library. [9 September 2017]. （原始內容存檔於2019-01-01）.

[16] [16]
Hermann, Adrian; Burlacioiu, Ciprian. Introduction: Klaus Koschorke and the "Munich School" Perspective on the History of World Christianity. Journal of World Christianity. 2016, 1 (6): 4–27. doi:10.5325/jworlchri.6.1.0004.

[17] [17]
Yong, Amos. Whither Evangelical Theology? The Work of Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen as a Case Study of Contemporary Trajectories". The Dialogical Spirit: Christian Reason and Theological Method in the Third Millennium. Cambridge: James Clark and Co. 2015: 121–148.

[18] [18]
Phan, Peter C. Doing Theology in World Christianity: Different Resources and New Methods. Journal of World Christianity. 2008, 1 (1): 27–53. doi:10.5325/jworlchri.1.1.0027.

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