lume

参见：lumë

阿罗马尼亚语

其他写法

• lumi, alumi

词源

源自拉丁语 lūmen（比喻义“生命之光”）。对比罗马尼亚语 lume。

名词

lume

1. 世界
2. 人民
3. 人类

相关词汇

• lunjinã

参见

• oaminj
• pimintu
• cozmu, dunjeai, etã, plasi

爱沙尼亚语

名词

lume

1. lumi 的属格单数

芬兰语

词源

lumo +‎ -e

发音

• 国际音标^(帮助): /ˈlumeˣ/, [ˈlume̞(ʔ)]

名词

lume

1. 幻觉，错觉

变格

lume 的屈折 (Kotus 类型 48/hame，无元音变换)
主格		lume	lumeet
属格		lumeen	lumeiden lumeitten
部分格		lumetta	lumeita
入格		lumeeseen	lumeisiin lumeihin
		单数	复数
主格		lume	lumeet
宾格	主	lume	lumeet
	属	lumeen
属格		lumeen	lumeiden lumeitten
部分格		lumetta	lumeita
内格		lumeessa	lumeissa
出格		lumeesta	lumeista
入格		lumeeseen	lumeisiin lumeihin
接格		lumeella	lumeilla
离格		lumeelta	lumeilta
向格		lumeelle	lumeille
样格		lumeena	lumeina
转移格		lumeeksi	lumeiksi
欠格		lumeetta	lumeitta
手段格		—	lumein
共格		请参阅下方的所有格形式。

lume 的所有格形式 (Kotus 类型 48/hame，无元音变换)

第一人称单数所有者 单数 复数 主格 lumeeni lumeeni 宾格 主 lumeeni lumeeni 属 lumeeni 属格 lumeeni lumeideni lumeitteni 部分格 lumettani lumeitani 内格 lumeessani lumeissani 出格 lumeestani lumeistani 入格 lumeeseeni lumeisiini lumeihini 接格 lumeellani lumeillani 离格 lumeeltani lumeiltani 向格 lumeelleni lumeilleni 样格 lumeenani lumeinani 转移格 lumeekseni lumeikseni 欠格 lumeettani lumeittani 手段格 — — 共格 — lumeineni 第二人称单数所有者 单数 复数 主格 lumeesi lumeesi 宾格 主 lumeesi lumeesi 属 lumeesi 属格 lumeesi lumeidesi lumeittesi 部分格 lumettasi lumeitasi 内格 lumeessasi lumeissasi 出格 lumeestasi lumeistasi 入格 lumeeseesi lumeisiisi lumeihisi 接格 lumeellasi lumeillasi 离格 lumeeltasi lumeiltasi 向格 lumeellesi lumeillesi 样格 lumeenasi lumeinasi 转移格 lumeeksesi lumeiksesi 欠格 lumeettasi lumeittasi 手段格 — — 共格 — lumeinesi 第一人称复数所有者 单数 复数 主格 lumeemme lumeemme 宾格 主 lumeemme lumeemme 属 lumeemme 属格 lumeemme lumeidemme lumeittemme 部分格 lumettamme lumeitamme 内格 lumeessamme lumeissamme 出格 lumeestamme lumeistamme 入格 lumeeseemme lumeisiimme lumeihimme 接格 lumeellamme lumeillamme 离格 lumeeltamme lumeiltamme 向格 lumeellemme lumeillemme 样格 lumeenamme lumeinamme 转移格 lumeeksemme lumeiksemme 欠格 lumeettamme lumeittamme 手段格 — — 共格 — lumeinemme 第二人称复数所有者 单数 复数 主格 lumeenne lumeenne 宾格 主 lumeenne lumeenne 属 lumeenne 属格 lumeenne lumeidenne lumeittenne 部分格 lumettanne lumeitanne 内格 lumeessanne lumeissanne 出格 lumeestanne lumeistanne 入格 lumeeseenne lumeisiinne lumeihinne 接格 lumeellanne lumeillanne 离格 lumeeltanne lumeiltanne 向格 lumeellenne lumeillenne 样格 lumeenanne lumeinanne 转移格 lumeeksenne lumeiksenne 欠格 lumeettanne lumeittanne 手段格 — — 共格 — lumeinenne 第三人称所有者 单数 复数 主格 lumeensa lumeensa 宾格 主 lumeensa lumeensa 属 lumeensa 属格 lumeensa lumeidensa lumeittensa 部分格 lumettaan lumettansa lumeitaan lumeitansa 内格 lumeessaan lumeessansa lumeissaan lumeissansa 出格 lumeestaan lumeestansa lumeistaan lumeistansa 入格 lumeeseensa lumeisiinsa lumeihinsa 接格 lumeellaan lumeellansa lumeillaan lumeillansa 离格 lumeeltaan lumeeltansa lumeiltaan lumeiltansa 向格 lumeelleen lumeellensa lumeilleen lumeillensa 样格 lumeenaan lumeenansa lumeinaan lumeinansa 转移格 lumeekseen lumeeksensa lumeikseen lumeiksensa 欠格 lumeettaan lumeettansa lumeittaan lumeittansa 手段格 — — 共格 — lumeineen lumeinensa

复合词

• lumelääke
• silmänlume

异序词

• lemu, melu

加利西亚语

lume

prohibido facer lume

词源

最早见于13世纪，源自古加利西亚语、古葡萄牙语 lume，源自拉丁语 lūmen。与葡萄牙语 lume, 阿斯图里亚斯语 llume, 西班牙语 lumbre同源。

发音

• 国际音标^(帮助): [ˈlu.mɪ]

名词

lume m (复数 lumes)

1. 火，焰

   近义词：fogo

2. 〈旧〉 光
   • 1370, Ramón Lorenzo (ed.), Crónica troiana. A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 689:

     ca despois que anoyteçeu tornou outrosí escuro speso a sobreguisa, et nõ fazía luar nẽ lume, pouco nẽ mais.

     because after nightfall it became dark, and this darkness was exceedingly thick, and it was neither moonlight nor light, no less or more

3. 林火
   • 1990, Xaquín Fernández Leiceaga, Economia (politica) do monte galego, page 103:

     A hipótese básica é que os lumes, por máis que sexan intencionados, non obedecen a unha lóxica económica de potencia irregular de ano en ano, senón a causas continuamente presentes

     The basic hypothesis is that forest fires, even being caused intentionally, don't follow year after year an economic logic of irregular potential, but instead causes that are continuously present

派生词

• alumear

参考资料

• “lume” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006-2012.
• “lume” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006-2016.
• “lume” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006-2013.
• "lume" in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
• “lume” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

意大利语

词源

源自拉丁语 lūmen ← 原始印欧语 *léwksmn̥，派生自词根*lewk- (“明亮”)。“内腔”是现代新起义。参见借词lumen。

发音

• 国际音标^(帮助): /ˈlu.me/, [ˈl̺uːme]
• 断字：lù‧me

名词

lume m (复数 lumi)

1. 光源
   • 1321, Dante Alighieri, La divina commedia: Purgatorio [The Divine Comedy: Purgatory] (paperback), Bompiani, 出版于 2001, Canto XXII，第 336 页，第 67–69 行s:

     Facesti come quei che va di notte, ¶ che porta il lume dietro e sé non giova, ¶ ma dopo sé fa le persone dotte, […]

     Thou didst as he who walketh in the night, ¶ who bears his light behind, which helps him not, ¶ but wary makes the persons after him, […]

   • 1353, Giovanni Boccaccio, “Seconda giornata, Novella VII [Second Day, 7th Story]”, 出自 Decamerone [Decameron]‎^[1], Tommaso Hedlin, 出版于 1527，第 50 页:

     Pericone non diede indugio a ſeguitarla, ma ſpento ogni lume preſtamente da laltra parte le ſi coricò al lato […]

     Pericone was not slow to follow her, but, putting out every light, promptly hid himself beside her […]

   1. 〈旧〉 非电力的光源（如蜡烛、煤油灯）
      • 1840, Alessandro Manzoni, 章号 XXXIII, 出自 I promessi sposi‎^[2], Tip. Guglielmini e Redaelli，第 626 页:

        “ […] C’era una vernaccia!... Ma, con una buona dormita, tutto se ne va. Ho un gran sonno... Levami un po’ quel lume dinanzi, che m’accieca... mi dà una noia...!”

        “ […] The wine was so fine!... With a good sleep all will be well again. I am overcome by sleep... Get that lamp away from before me, it's blinding me... it troubles me so...!”

   2. 〈罕〉 电力光源
2. 〈引〉〈诗〉 星
   • 1472, Dante Alighieri, La divina commedia: Paradiso [The Divine Comedy: Paradise] (paperback), Le Monnier, 出版于 2002, Canto II，第 39 页，第 64–66 行s:

     La spera ottava vi dimostra molti ¶ lumi, li quali e nel quale e nel quanto ¶ notar si posson di diversi volti.

     Lights many the eighth sphere displays to you ¶ which in their quality and quantity ¶ may noted be of aspects different.

   • 1374, Francesco Petrarca, “Tacer non posso, et temo non adopre [I can’t be silent, yet I fear to use]”, 出自 Il Canzoniere‎^[3], Florence: Andrea Bettini, 出版于 1858，第 349 页:

     Fra tanti amici lumi, ¶ una nube lontana mi dispiacque; ¶ la qual temo che 'n pianto si risolve, […]

     Among so many friendly stars, ¶ one distant cloud displeased me: ¶ which I fear will melt away in tears

   • 近义词：stella、astro
   1. 〈喻〉〈诗〉 上帝
      • 1472, Dante Alighieri, La divina commedia: Purgatorio [The Divine Comedy: Purgatory] (paperback), Bompiani, 出版于 2001, Canto XIII，第 195 页，第 85–87 行s:

        Volsimi a loro e: «O gente sicura», ¶ incominciai, «di veder l'alto lume ¶ che 'l disio vostro solo ha in cura […] »

        To them I turned me, and, "O people, certain," ¶ began I, "of beholding the high light, ¶ which your desire has solely in its care, […]

   2. 〈喻〉〈引〉〈诗〉 神圣的灵魂或实体
      • 1472, Dante Alighieri, La divina commedia: Paradiso [The Divine Comedy: Paradise] (paperback), Le Monnier, 出版于 2002, Canto X，第 179 页，第 71–73 行s:

        si trovan molte gioie care e belle ¶ tanto che non si posson trar del regno; ¶ e 'l canto di quei lumi era di quelle;

        Are many jewels found, so fair and precious ¶ they cannot be transported from the realm; ¶ and of them was the singing of those lights;

   3. 〈喻〉〈引〉〈诗〉〈文〉 受尊敬的人
      • 16世紀, Annibale Caro, transl., Eneide [Aeneid]‎^[4], Florence: Leonardo Ciardetti, 根据VirgilAeneis改编的翻译作品, 出版于 1827, Libro I，第 102 页:

        Cadde Riféo, ch'era ne' Teucri un lume ¶ di bontà, di giustizia e d'equitate

        Ripheus fell, who was a light among the Teucrians ¶ for goodness, justice and equity

      • 1472, Dante Alighieri, La divina commedia: Inferno [The Divine Comedy: Hell], 12th版 (paperback), Le Monnier, 出版于 1994, Canto I，第 13 页，第 82–84 行s:

        «O de li altri poeti onore e lume, ¶ vagliami 'l lungo studio e 'l grande amore ¶ che m'ha fatto cercar lo tuo volume.»

        "O, of the other poets honour and light, ¶ avail me the long study and great love ¶ that have impelled me to explore thy volume!

      • c. 1527, Francesco Berni, Orlando Innamorato [Orlando in Love]‎^[5], Milano: Società Tipografica de' Classici Italiani, 出版于 1828, Canto XIII，第 37 页:

        A que' tre che tu, Fiorenza, onori ¶ eterni lumi della lingua nostra, […]

        To those three that you, Florence, honour, ¶ eternal lights of our own language […]

3. 光，尤指：
   1. 〈古〉〈文〉 自然光
      • 1472, Dante Alighieri, La divina commedia: Purgatorio [The Divine Comedy: Purgatory] (paperback), Bompiani, 出版于 2001, Canto I，第 10 页，第 37–39 行s:

        Li raggi delle quattro luci sante ¶ fregiavan sì la sua faccia di lume ¶ ch'i' 'l vedea come 'l sol fosse davante.

        The rays of the four consecrated stars ¶ did so adorn his countenance with light, ¶ that him I saw as were the sun before him.

      • 1909, Giovanni Pascoli, “La capinera [The Blackcap]”, 出自 Nuovi poemetti‎^[6], 4th版, Bologna: Nicola Zanichelli, 出版于 1918，第 29 页，第 7–9 行s:

        Il cinguettìo, così tra lume e scuro, ¶ cessò d’un tratto. Era comparso il sole. ¶ Sparì ciascuno nel bel giorno puro.

        The chirping, between light and darkness ¶ ceased suddenly. The Sun had risen. ¶ They all disappeared into the pure day.

      • 近义词：luce
   2. 〈旧〉 （人造的，非电力的）光
4. (绘画) 光投射到图画上的方式
5. 〈喻〉 视力
   • 1516, Ludovico Ariosto, Orlando Furioso [Raging Roland]‎^[7], Venice: Printed by Gabriel Giolito, 出版于 1551, Canto XLIII，第 205 页:

     e facea alcun effetto ſopr'humano; ¶ dar lume a ciechi, e tornar morti a vita; ¶ fermare il uento ad un ſegno di croce ¶ e far tranquillo il mar, quand'è piu atroce.

     [a hermit] who had done superhuman deeds; ¶ regiving sight to the blind, and restoring the dead to life; ¶ hushing the winds with a sign of the cross ¶ and pacifying the sea when at its scariest.

   • 近义词：vista
   1. 〈复〉 双眼
      • 1374, Francesco Petrarca, “I' vidi in terra angelici costumi [I saw angelic virtue on earth]”, 出自 Il Canzoniere‎^[8], Florence: Andrea Bettini, 出版于 1858，第 157 页，第 5–8 行s:

        E vidi lagrimar que' duo bei lumi, ¶ c'han fatto mille volte invidia al Sole; ¶ ed udii sospirando dir parole ¶ che farian gir i monti e stare i fiumi.

        And I saw two lovely eyes that wept, ¶ that made the sun a thousand times jealous; ¶ and I heard words emerge among sighs ¶ that made the mountains move, and halted rivers.

      • 1581, Torquato Tasso, Gerusalemme liberata [Jerusalem Delivered]‎^[9], Erasmo Viotti, Canto LX，第 372 页:

        e cadde tramortita: e ſi diffuſe ¶ di gelato ſudore: e i lumi chiuſe.

        and she fell to the ground, stunned, getting covered ¶ with freezing sweat, and closed her eyes.

      • 1835, Giacomo Leopardi, “I. All'Italia [To Italy]”, 出自 Canti‎^[10], Bari: Einaudi, 出版于 1917，第 7 页，第 134–136 行s:

        Ché, se il fato è diverso, e non consente ¶ ch’io per la Grecia i moribondi lumi ¶ chiuda prostrato in guerra, […]

        If fate’s opposed, and will not consent that I fall in war, and close my dying eyes, for Greece, […]

      • 近义词：occhi
6. 〈喻〉 启蒙，启迪
   • 1472, Dante Alighieri, La divina commedia: Purgatorio [The Divine Comedy: Purgatory] (paperback), Bompiani, 出版于 2001, Canto VI，第 86 页，第 43–45 行s:

     Veramente a così alto sospetto ¶ non ti fermar, se quella non ti dice ¶ che lume fia tra 'l vero e lo 'ntelletto.

     Verily, in so deep a questioning ¶ do not decide, unless she tell it thee, ¶ who light 'twixt truth and intellect shall be.

   1. 〈复〉 基于理性建立起来的文化
      • 1764, Cesare Beccaria, “V. Oscurità delle leggi [Of the Obscurity of Laws]”, 出自 Dei delitti e delle pene [On Crimes and Punishments]‎^[11], Paris: Dal Molini, 出版于 1780，第 21 页:

        Da ciò veggiamo quanto sia utile la stampa, che rende il pubblico, e non alcuni pochi, depositario delle sante leggi, e quanto abbia dissipato quello spirito tenebroso di cabala e d’intrigo, che sparisce in faccia ai lumi ed alle scienze […]

        Hence we see the use of printing, which makes the public, and not a few individuals, the guardians of the sacred laws, and how it has dissipated the gloomy spirit of cabal and intrigue, which disappears in the face of enlightenment and sciences […]

7. 〈喻〉(多用复数) 建议，有用的信息
   • 1881, Giovanni Verga, I Malavoglia‎^[12], Fratelli Treves, 出版于 1907, Chapter VII，第 113 页:

     La seduta fu sciolta senza concludere nulla. Il segretario voleva un po’ di tempo per prender lume;

     The meeting was closed without deciding upon anything. The clerk wanted time to get up his subject.

   • 近义词：chiarimento、consiglio
   1. 〈引〉 洞察力
      • 1472, Dante Alighieri, La divina commedia: Purgatorio [The Divine Comedy: Purgatory] (paperback), Bompiani, 出版于 2001, Canto XVI，第 237 页，第 73–75 行s:

        Lo cielo i vostri movimenti inizia; ¶ non dico tutti, ma, posto ch'i' 'l dica, ¶ lume v'è dato a bene e a malizia

        The heavens your movements do initiate, ¶ I say not all; but granting that I say it, ¶ light has been given you for good and evil

      • 近义词：discernimento
8. 〈解〉 内腔
9. (捕鱼) 网眼大小

派生词

• allumare

相关词汇

• illuminare
• illuminismo
• luminare
• luminaria
• luminio
• luminoso

 

异序词

• mule

中古英语

名词

lume

1. lome的另一种写法

葡萄牙语

词源

源自古葡萄牙语 lume ← 拉丁语 lūmen ← 原始印欧语 *léwksmn̥ ← *lewk-。与加利西亚语 lume, 西班牙语 lumbre, 加泰罗尼亚语 llum, 奥克语 lum, 法语 lume, 意大利语 lume, 罗马尼亚语 lume同源。“内腔”是现代新起义。参见借词lúmen。

发音

• (PT) 国际音标^(帮助): /ˈlu.mɨ/
• 断字：lu‧me

名词

lume m (复数 lumes)

1. 火，焰
2. 〈解〉 内腔

近义词

• fogo
• (内腔)： lúmen

相关词汇

• lua
• luz

罗马尼亚语

词源

源自拉丁语 lūmen (“光”)（比喻义“生命之光”），源自原始印欧语 *léwksmn̥，派生自词根*lewk- (“明亮”)。对比教会斯拉夫语 свѣтъ (světŭ, “光；世界”)；匈牙利语 világ，原义为“光”。参见lumen。

发音

• 国际音标^(帮助): [ˈlu.me]

名词

lume f (复数 lumi)

1. 世界
2. 人民
3. 人类
4. 〈古〉〈方〉 光

变格

	单数		复数
	不定	定	不定	定
主格/宾格	(o) lume	lumea	(niște) lumi	lumile
属格/与格	(unei) lumi	lumii	(unor) lumi	lumilor
呼格	lume, lumeo		lumilor

lume的变格

近义词

• (人民)： oameni
• (人类)： omenire
• (光)： lumină

相关词汇

• lumină

参见

• pământ

拓展阅读

• 《罗马尼亚语诸词典》（DEX online - Dicționare ale limbii române）中有关lume的内容