胡芦巴(学名:Trigonella foenum-graecum),又称云香草、香草、苦草、苦豆、苦朵菜、香苜蓿或香豆子等,为一年生豆科蝶形花亚科胡芦巴属的一种植物,其种子是调味料和中药;不仅是一种蔬菜,也是一种药材。
胡芦巴为一年生草本植物,株高35至85厘米,全株有香气。茎直立多丛生。三出羽状复叶互生,小叶长卵形或卵状披针形。4月至5月开花,花1-2朵,腋生无梗;蝶形白色花冠(渐变淡黄色),基部微紫色。5月至6月结细长扁圆筒状荚果,直或稍弯曲,前端具长喙,内有棕黄色种子10-20粒,矩圆形。
用途
在印度烹饪中,烘烤后磨成粉的胡芦巴种子是一种常见调味料,被用在咖喱和含蔬菜和豆类的菜中。新鲜的胡芦巴叶子也被作为蔬菜来食用。在中国新疆和甘肃,人们通常把香豆子叶子晒干后磨成绿色的粉末,并在做花卷和发面饼时加入用来调色增香。
中医认为胡芦巴种子性味苦温,入肾肝经。用来治疗肾虚、阳痿、脱发,胃寒痛等疾病。也可作为松弛剂、肠道润滑剂和降低发烧的温度,有助于降低胆固醇和血糖的含量,借由减少黏液来帮助气喘及鼻窦炎。含有的适量雌性激素可以促进乳汁分泌,可以增大乳房,对眼睛、发炎和肺病有益。在国外被称为神奇的种子。
外部链接
- 胡芦巴 Huluba (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) 药用植物图像数据库 (香港浸会大学中医药学院) (中文)(英文)
- 胡芦巴 中药材图像数据库 (香港浸会大学中医药学院) (中文)(英文)
参考资料
- [1]行政院卫生署中医药委员会 中药资讯网[永久失效链接]
- [2]Acharya S, Srichamroen A, Basu S, Ooraikul B and Basu T. Improvement in the nutraceutical properties of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol. (2006) 28: 1-9.
- [3]Bin-Hafeez B, Haque R, Parvez S, Pandey S, Sayeed L and Raisuddin S. Immunomodulatory effects of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) extract in mice. International Immunopharmacology (2003) 3: 257-265.
- [4]Ramesh HP, Yamaki K and Tsushida T. Effect of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) galactomannan fractions on phagocytosis in rat macrophages and on proliferation and IgM secretion in HB4C5 cells. Carbohydrate Polymers (2002) 50: 79-83.
- [5]Zia T, Hasnain SN and Hasan SK. Evaluation of the oral hypoglycaemic effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (methi) in normal mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2001) 75: 191-195.
- [6]Hannan JMA, Rokeya B, Faruque O, Nahar N, Mosihuzzaman M, Azad-Khan AK and Ali L. Effect of soluble dietary fibre fraction of Trigonella foenum graecum on glycemic, insulinemic, lipidemic and platelet aggregation status of Type 2 diabetic model rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2003) 88: 73-77.
- [7]Stark A and Madar Z. The effect of an ethanol extract derived from fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) on bile acid absorption and cholesterol levels in rats. British Journal of Nutrition (1993) 69: 277-287.
- [8]Sur P, Das M, Gomes A, Vedasiromoni JR, Sahu NP, Banerjee S, Sharma RM and Ganguly DK. Trigonella foenum graecum (fenugreek) seed extract as an antineoplastic agent. Phytotherapy Research (2001) 15: 257-259.
- [9]Pandian RS, Anuradha CV and Viswanathan P. Gastroprotective effect of fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum graecum) on experimental gastric ulcer in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2002) 81: 393-397.
- [10]原思通,医用中药饮片学( 2001 ),中华人民共和国人民卫生出版社。
延伸阅读
[编]
- 《钦定古今图书集成·博物汇编·草木典·胡卢巴部》,出自陈梦雷《古今图书集成》
- 《植物名实图考·胡卢巴》,出自吴其濬《植物名实图考》
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