功能性灭绝

功能性灭绝（英语：functional extinction）是指一个物种或分类单元已达以下状况：

在IUCN红色名录中，一个不再有最近观察纪录、已经功能性灭绝的物种，除非真的确定最后一只个体已死亡，否则会被归类为极危物种（critically endangered）。

[1]
Extinctions in Near Time: Causes, Contexts, and Consequences （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） 1999. Edited by R.D.E. MacPhee, Hans-Dieter Sues. page 202.
[2]
What is the link between biodiversity and ecosystem services?. Scientific Facts on Biodiversity. [2006-12-16]. （原始内容存档于2006-09-30）.
[3]
Säterberg, Torbjörn; Sellman, Stefan; Ebenman, Bo. High frequency of functional extinctions in ecological networks. Nature. 2013-07-25, 499 (7459): 468–470. Bibcode:2013Natur.499..468S. PMID 23831648. doi:10.1038/nature12277 .
[4]
Yoshida, Kate Shaw. Not yet gone, but effectively extinct. arstechnica. 2013-07-12 [2019-05-19]. （原始内容存档于2023-11-25）. But there is another type, called “functional extinction,” which takes a more ecological approach. Some scientists argue that the threshold for extinction should not be the complete disappearance of a species, but instead the point at which there aren’t enough individuals left in that species to perform whatever roles it was playing in the ecosystem.
[5]
Novak, Ben Jacob. De-Extinction. Genes. 2018-11-13, 9 (11). 548. PMC 6265789 . PMID 30428542. doi:10.3390/genes9110548 .

近代功能性灭绝物种