囊炎的併發症包括有胰腺炎、膽總管結石(英语:Common bile duct stone)、或是上行性膽管炎(英语:Ascending cholangitis)。 急性膽囊炎有90%以上是起因於膽囊管(英语:cysticduct)被膽石阻塞,而造成膽石的風險因子包括口服避孕藥(英语:Birth control
Lee, MG. Ca2+ activates cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator- and Cl- -dependent HCO3 transport in pancreatic duct cells.. The Journal of
ISBN 1455706051. 引文格式1维护:冗余文本 (link) Eilber, Karyn Schlunt; Raz, Shlomo. Benign Cystic Lesions of the Vagina: A Literature Review. The Journal of Urology. September
(原始内容存档于2015-08-24). McShane, PJ; Naureckas, ET; Tino, G; Strek, ME. Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis.. American journal of respiratory and critical care