Theta Xi

, a < ξ < b {\displaystyle \exists \xi ,\;a<\xi <b} ，使 f ′ ( ξ ) = f ( b ) − f ( a ) b − a {\displaystyle f'(\xi )={\frac {f(b)-f(a)}{b-a}}} 。 令 g ( x

将理想混合物中组分i的化学势表示式中的摩尔（xi）替换为活度（ai），便可得到真实化合物中组分i的化学式，见下： μ i ( T , p ) = μ i Θ ( T ) + R ⋅ T ⋅ ln ⁡ ( x i ) {\displaystyle \mu _{i}(T,p)=\mu _{i}^{\Theta }(T)+R\cdot

{\displaystyle \xi } 和重構溫度變數 θ {\displaystyle \theta } ： 1 ξ 2 d d ξ ( ξ 2 d θ d ξ ) + θ n = 0 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{\xi ^{2}}}{\frac {d}{d\xi }}\left({\xi ^{2}{\frac

f(r,\theta ,\varphi )={\frac {\partial f}{\partial r}}\mathbf {e} _{r}+{\frac {1}{r}}{\frac {\partial f}{\partial \theta }}\mathbf {e} _{\theta }+{\frac

\theta )z&\cos \theta +(1-\cos \theta )y^{2}&(1-\cos \theta )yz-(\sin \theta )x\\(1-\cos \theta )zx-(\sin \theta )y&(1-\cos \theta )zy+(\sin \theta )x&\cos