Sham surgery

PMC 5803129 . PMID 29169668. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32457-1.  Louw A, et al. Sham Surgery in Orthopedics: A Systematic Review of the Literature.. Pain Medicine

AAV2-GAD gene therapy for advanced Parkinson's disease: a double-blind, sham-surgery controlled, randomised trial. The Lancet. Neurology. 2011-04, 10 (4):

Nurmi H, Kalske J, Järvinen TL. Arthroscopic Partial Meniscectomy versus Sham Surgery for a Degenerative Meniscal Tear. The New England Journal of Medicine

操作的鬆動術，並未有足夠的證據支持其成為必定有效的治療項目。 對非特定性急性疼痛者或亞慢性疼痛者而言，比起安慰劑、常規護理或安慰性（英语：Sham surgery）針灸，實際針灸的效果並不會更好。對於慢性疼痛患者而言，接受針灸治療的組別，其疼痛改善的效果大於無治療的組別，並就改善疼痛的效果而言，接受

AAV2-GAD gene therapy for advanced Parkinson's disease: a double-blind, sham-surgery controlled, randomised trial. The Lancet Neurology. 2011-04-01, 10 (4)