S层

S层（S-layer, surface layer）是存在于几乎所有古菌和许多类型的细菌细胞包被（英语：cell envelope）的一部分^[1]^[2]。S层由糖蛋白或蛋白质铺成的单分子层（英语：Monolayer）组成。S层通过分子的自组装形成，会覆盖整个细胞表面。因此，S层的蛋白数目可以达到一个细胞蛋白质总数的10%-15%^[3]^[4]^[5]。S层蛋白在进化上保守性非常低，甚至可以用来分辨亲缘关系近的物种。随物种不同，S层的厚度可从5到25纳米不等，且拥有直径从2纳米到8纳米不等的孔道^[6]。

"S层"一词于1976年首次使用。^[7] 1984 年，“第一届国际结晶细菌细胞表面层研讨会，维也纳（奥地利）”接受了普遍使用，并于1987 年在欧洲分子生物学组织“结晶细菌细胞表面层研讨会”上定义了"S层"。^[8]有关"S层"研究历史的简要总结，请参阅“参考文献”。^[2]^[9]

参见

参考文献

[1]
Albers SV, Meyer BH. The archaeal cell envelope. Nature Reviews Microbiology. 2011, 9 (6): 414–426. PMID 21572458. S2CID 10297797. doi:10.1038/nrmicro2576.
[2]
Sleytr UB, Schuster B, Egelseer EM, Pum D. S-layers: Principles and Applications. FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 2014, 38 (5): 823–864. PMC 4232325 . PMID 24483139. doi:10.1111/1574-6976.12063.
[3]
Messner P, Sleytr U. Crystalline bacterial cell-surface layers. Adv. Microb. Physiol. 1992, 33: 213–75. PMID 1636510. doi:10.1016/S0065-2911(08)60218-0.
[4]
Pum D, Messner P, Sleytr U. Role of the S layer in morphogenesis and cell division of the archaebacterium Methanocorpusculum sinense. J. Bacteriol. 1991, 173 (21): 6865–73. PMC 209039 . PMID 1938891.
[5]
Sleytr U, Messner P, Pum D, Sára M. Crystalline bacterial cell surface layers. Mol. Microbiol. 1993, 10 (5): 911–6. PMID 7934867. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb00962.x.
[6]
Sleytr U, Bayley H, Sára M, Breitwieser A, Küpcü S, Mader C, Weigert S, Unger F, Messner P, Jahn-Schmid B, Schuster B, Pum D, Douglas K, Clark N, Moore J, Winningham T, Levy S, Frithsen I, Pankovc J, Beale P, Gillis H, Choutov D, Martin K. Applications of S-layers. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 1997, 20 (1–2): 151–75. PMID 9276930. doi:10.1016/S0168-6445(97)00044-2.
[7]
Sleytr UB. Self-assembly of the hexagonally and tetragonally arranged subunits of bacterial surface layers and their reattachment to cell walls. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 1976, 55 (3): 360–367. PMID 6800. doi:10.1016/S0022-5320(76)80093-7.
[8]
Sleytr UB, Messner P, Pum D, Sára M. Sleytr UB, Messner P, Pum D, Sára M , 编. Crystalline Bacterial Cell Surface Layers. Berlin: Springer. 1988. ISBN 978-3-540-19082-0. S2CID 20244135. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-73537-0.
[9]
Sleytr UB. Curiosity and Passion for Science and Art. Series in Structural Biology 7. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing. 2016. ISBN 978-981-3141-81-0. doi:10.1142/10084.

[Albers2011-1] [1]
Albers SV, Meyer BH. The archaeal cell envelope. Nature Reviews Microbiology. 2011, 9 (6): 414–426. PMID 21572458. S2CID 10297797. doi:10.1038/nrmicro2576.

[Sleytr2014-2] [2]
Sleytr UB, Schuster B, Egelseer EM, Pum D. S-layers: Principles and Applications. FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 2014, 38 (5): 823–864. PMC 4232325 . PMID 24483139. doi:10.1111/1574-6976.12063.

[ref1-3] [3]
Messner P, Sleytr U. Crystalline bacterial cell-surface layers. Adv. Microb. Physiol. 1992, 33: 213–75. PMID 1636510. doi:10.1016/S0065-2911(08)60218-0.

[ref2-4] [4]
Pum D, Messner P, Sleytr U. Role of the S layer in morphogenesis and cell division of the archaebacterium Methanocorpusculum sinense. J. Bacteriol. 1991, 173 (21): 6865–73. PMC 209039 . PMID 1938891.

[ref3-5] [5]
Sleytr U, Messner P, Pum D, Sára M. Crystalline bacterial cell surface layers. Mol. Microbiol. 1993, 10 (5): 911–6. PMID 7934867. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb00962.x.

[ref4-6] [6]
Sleytr U, Bayley H, Sára M, Breitwieser A, Küpcü S, Mader C, Weigert S, Unger F, Messner P, Jahn-Schmid B, Schuster B, Pum D, Douglas K, Clark N, Moore J, Winningham T, Levy S, Frithsen I, Pankovc J, Beale P, Gillis H, Choutov D, Martin K. Applications of S-layers. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 1997, 20 (1–2): 151–75. PMID 9276930. doi:10.1016/S0168-6445(97)00044-2.

[Sleytr1976-7] [7]
Sleytr UB. Self-assembly of the hexagonally and tetragonally arranged subunits of bacterial surface layers and their reattachment to cell walls. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 1976, 55 (3): 360–367. PMID 6800. doi:10.1016/S0022-5320(76)80093-7.

[Sleytr1988-8] [8]
Sleytr UB, Messner P, Pum D, Sára M. Sleytr UB, Messner P, Pum D, Sára M , 编. Crystalline Bacterial Cell Surface Layers. Berlin: Springer. 1988. ISBN 978-3-540-19082-0. S2CID 20244135. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-73537-0.

[Sleytr2016-9] [9]
Sleytr UB. Curiosity and Passion for Science and Art. Series in Structural Biology 7. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing. 2016. ISBN 978-981-3141-81-0. doi:10.1142/10084.

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