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Raspberry Pi OS（原为Raspbian）是为树莓派基于Debian开发的操作系统。从2015年起，树莓派基金会正式将其作为树莓派的官方操作系统。[4]Raspbian是由Mike Thompson和Peter Green创建的一个独立项目。[5]第一个版本于2012年6月发布[6]，至今仍在更新中。Raspi对树莓派系列的低性能ARM架构CPU进行了高度优化。
Raspbian在其最新版本中使用新的桌面环境：PIXEL（Pi Improved X-Window Environment, Lightweight）[7]，PIXEL由一个修改过的LXDE桌面环境和Openbox窗口管理器组成。Raspbian发行版还附带了Wolfram Mathematica软件、《我的世界》的Raspbian版本Minecraft Pi和精简版的Chromium浏览器。[8][9]
目前树莓派官方网站提供四个Raspberry Pi OS的下载选项：带有图形桌面和推荐软件的系统，带有图形桌面的系统，轻量版系统和适用于电脑的系统。
2015年，来自DistroWatch的Jesse Smith评论Raspbian：[10]
虽然我不打算将Raspberry Pi作为桌面电脑运行，但Raspbian操作系统确实为用户提供了LXDE桌面环境。树莓派没有很快的处理器或很大的内存，但它有足够的资源来运行LXDE和其他一些应用程序。只要用户不在同一时间执行大量计算，Raspbian桌面界面的还是响应相当快的。我可能不会在树莓派上运行像LibreOffice或者Firefox这样比较大的程序，但是Raspbian确实提供了Epiphany网页浏览器和一些其他的桌面程序。
| 发布日期 | Debian版本 | Linux内核 | GCC | APT | X Server | Pi 1/1+ | Pi 2 | Pi 3 | Pi
Zero W |
Pi 3+ | Pi 4 | Pi
Zero 2 W |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2013-09-27 | 7
(Wheezy) |
3.6 | 4.7.2 | 0.9.7 | 7.7 | 
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| 2013-10-07 |
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| 2013-12-24 | 3.10 |
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| 2014-01-09 |
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| 2014-06-22 | 3.12 |
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| 2014-07-08 |
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| 2014-09-12 |
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| 2014-10-08 |
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| 2014-12-25 |
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| 2015-02-02 | 3.18 |
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| 2015-02-17 |
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| 2015-02-18 |
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| 2015-05-07 |
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| 2015-05-12 |
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| 2015-09-28 | 8
(Jessie) |
4.1 | 4.9 | 1.0.9.8.1 |
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| 2015-11-24 |
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| 2016-02-08 |
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| 2016-02-09 |
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| 2016-02-29 |
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| 2016-03-18 |
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| 2016-05-13 | 4.4 |
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| 2016-05-31 |
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| 2016-09-28 |
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| 2016-11-29 |
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| 2017-02-27 | 4.9 |
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| 2017-03-03 |
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| 2017-04-10 |
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| 2017-06-23 |
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| 2017-07-05 |
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| 2017-08-17 | 9
(Stretch) |
6.3 | 1.4.6 |
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| 2017-09-08 |
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| 2017-11-29 |
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| 2018-03-13 |
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| 2018-04-18 | 4.14 | 1.4.8 |
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| 2018-06-29 |
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| 2018-10-09 |
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| 2018-11-13 |
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| 2019-04-08 | 1.4.9 |
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| 2019-06-24 | 10
(Buster) |
4.19 | 8.3 | 1.8.2 |
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| 2019-07-10 |
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| 2019-09-30 |
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| 2020-02-07 |
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| 2020-02-14 |
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| 2020-05-27 |
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| 2020-08-20 | 5.4.51 |
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| 2020-12-02 | 5.4.79 | 1.8.2.1 |
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| 2021-01-11 | 5.4.83 | 1.8.2.2 |
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| 2021-03-04 | 5.10.17 |
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| 2021-05-07 | 1.8.2.3 |
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| 发布日期 | Debian版本 | Linux内核 | GCC | APT | X Server | Pi 1/1+ | Pi 2 | Pi 3 | Pi
Zero W |
Pi 3+ | Pi 4 | Pi
Zero 2 W |
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